Zener Diode Forward Bias

Help in few electronics questions.....?

Please give explanations also for the following questions:

1. For a low power load, which would you choose- a line regulated or a line regulated circuit.

2. What are the characteristics of a good filter circuit in a power supply?

3. What would happen to a regulator circuit, if a Zener diode is connected in the forward biased configuration? I think it will behave like a normal diode.

4. Why is the UJT used for designing relaxation oscillator?

5. If you were to design an instrument to measure pressure, would you prefer a piezo-electric crystal as a transducer?

Please write explanations also.

1. For a low power load, which would you choose- a line regulated or a line regulated circuit.

huh? line regulated or line regulated... what is the difference?

2. What are the characteristics of a good filter circuit in a power supply?

that it filter out the AC

3. What would happen to a regulator circuit, if a Zener diode is connected in the forward biased configuration? I think it will behave like a normal diode.

correct

4. Why is the UJT used for designing relaxation oscillator?

not used anymore, the 555 IC is cheaper and easier to design with.

5. If you were to design an instrument to measure pressure, would you prefer a piezo-electric crystal as a transducer?

yes.

.

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2 questions on Zener Diodes?

Can someone please explain this to me?

1. Why is the reverse bias characteristic of a zener diode useful for voltage regulation?

2. How do the forward bias characteristics of a zener diode compare with those of a P-N junction diode?

thanks

A Zener diode is a type of diode that permits current in the forward direction like a normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage known as "Zener knee voltage" or "Zener voltage".

A Zener diode exhibits almost the same properties, except the device is specially designed so as to have a greatly reduced breakdown voltage, the so-called Zener voltage. A Zener diode contains a heavily doped p-n junction allowing electrons to tunnel from the valence band of the p-type material to the conduction band of the n-type material. In the atomic scale, this tunneling corresponds to the transport of valence band electrons into the empty conduction band states; as a result of the reduced barrier between these bands and high electric fields that are induced due to the relatively high levels of dopings on both sides. A reverse-biased Zener diode will exhibit a controlled breakdown and allow the current to keep the voltage across the Zener diode at the Zener voltage. For example, a diode with a Zener breakdown voltage of 3.2 V will exhibit a voltage drop of 3.2 V if reverse bias voltage applied across it is more than its Zener voltage. However, the current is not unlimited, so the Zener diode is typically used to generate a reference voltage for an amplifier stage, or as a voltage stabilizer for low-current applications.