Variable Capacitor Diode Circuit

I need help with a physics assignment (circuits)?

I'm struggling to find an Electronic device to do my assignment on. I don't want people to do it for me, I just need help finding something basic to do it on, helpful websites and some tips.

Task: You are to select an electronic device that is used commercially. You are to describe the circuity of this device, explaining how the circuit works as well as explaining in detail the electronic components that make up this device. You may need to research components such as variable resistors, transistors, diodes and capacitors.
Your report will need:
- A circuit diagram of the major components
- An explanation of how each device works
- An explanation of each component and its function

Any help would be greatly appreciated!

go to www.miniscience.com u will get a lot of help

Vacuum Variable Capacitor $66.91 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles A vacuum variable capacitor uses a high vacuum as the dielectric instead of air or other insulating material. This allows for a higher voltage rating and/or capacitance value using a smaller total volume. In addition to the higher voltage rating a vacuum dielectric greatly reduces the chance of arcing between the plates. There are several different designs in vacuum variables, the most common geometry of the capacitor plates is usually intermeshed concentric cylinders. The meshed cylinders are contained within a glass or ceramic vacuum envelope, similar to an electron tube. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 88 Publication Date: 2010/06/25 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.21 inches

LightEmitting Diode $68.51 Light emitting diode. Oleg Losev, List of LED failure modes, Organic light emitting diode, Miniature light emitting diode, Solid state lighting, LED lamp, LED power sources, Electrical polarity of LEDs, LED circuit, LED as light sensor Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 74 Publication Date: 2009/10/08 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.17 inches

Switched Capacitor $70.1 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles A switched capacitor is an electronic circuit element used for discrete time signal processing. It works by moving charges into and out of capacitors when switches are opened and closed. Usually, nonoverlapping signals are used to control the switches, so that not all switches are closed simultaneously. Filters implemented with these elements are termed switchedcapacitor filters. Unlike analog filters, which must be constructed with resistors, capacitors (and sometimes inductors) whose values are accurately known, switched capacitor filters depend only on the ratios between capacitances. This makes them much more suitable for use within integrated circuits, where accurately specified resistors and capacitors are not economical to construct. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 96 Publication Date: 2010/07/15 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.23 inches

Tantalum Capacitor $58.94 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles The tantalum capacitor is a highly reliable type of surface mount solid capacitor or electrolytic capacitor. Surface mount tantalum capacitors are increasingly being used in circuit designs because of their volumetric efficiency, basic reliability and process compatibility. Tantalum capacitors are manufactured from a powder of relatively pure tantalum metal. The typical particle size is between 2 and 10 m. Figure 1 below shows increasing surface area powders. Surface area is expressed in capacitance (e in microfarads (F) times voltage (V) in volts (V) per gram of powder (CV/g) Note the very great difference in particle size between the powders. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 64 Publication Date: 2010/07/27 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.00 x 0.15 inches

Pcx-30f 30-farad Capacitor $82.94 30-farad Digital Capacitor 24v Dc Internally Stacked Foil Carbon Capacitors Digital Blue Voltage Display Tinted Plexiglas Viewing Window 8 Blue Leds Inside Viewing Window Electronics Polarity Protection Circuit Over Voltage Protection Circuit Platinum Plated Terminals Satin Finish With Chrome End Caps & Mounting Brackets Aluminum Case Gift Box With Front Glass Display

Pcx-3f 3-farad Capacitor $45.94 3-farad Digital Capacitor 24v Dc Digital Blue Voltage Display Tinted Plexiglas Viewing Window 8 Blue Leds Inside Viewing Window Electronics Polarity Protection Circuit Over Voltage Protection Circuit Platinum Plated Terminals Satin Finish With Chrome End Caps & Mounting Brackets Double Clamp Blister Packaging

POWER ACOUSTIK PCX3F 3FARAD CAPACITOR $69.41 Power Acoustik PCX3F 3FARAD Digital Capacitor. 24 volts DC. Digital Blue Voltage Display. Tinted Plexiglas Viewing Window. 8 Blue LED's Lighting inside Viewing Window. Electronics Polarity Protection Circuit. Over Voltage Protection Circuit. Platinum Plated Terminals. Satin Finish with Chrome End Caps and Mounting Brackets. Double Clamp Blister Packaging.

Circuit $11.49 Circuit

Fender Guitar Upgrade Capacitor 0.100Uf 50V Ic $2.99 Integrated Circuit (IC) capacitors are known for their musicality. Installing this 0.100uf IC capacitor will allow you more control over rolling back the highs on your tone knob, part of the popular "Grease Bucket" tone circuit upgrade.When making modifications to upgrade your Fender guitar, be sure to use genuine Fender parts.

Fender Guitar Upgrade Capacitor 0.02Mfd 50V Ic $2.99 Integrated Circuit (IC) capacitors are known for their musicality. Installing this 0.02MFD IC capacitor will allow you more control over rolling back the highs on your tone knob, part of the popular "Grease Bucket" tone circuit upgrade.When making modifications to upgrade your Fender guitar, be sure to use genuine Fender parts.

Pyle PLCAPE18 1.8 Farad Digital Power Capacitor $49.11 1.8 Farad Digital Display Power Capacitor. Capacitance plusmn; 5. 2024 Volt Surge 105oC. Blue Digital Display and blue LED flash. Strong Finishing For A Better Installation Result. 1 Pair Clear Brackets Included. Chrome Plated Post Kits. DC 12 24 volt. Electronic Polarity Protection Circuit. Over Voltage Protection Circuit. Includes Mounting Charging Hardware. Aluminum Brushed Case. Dimensions: 8.66 H 2.99 W

Pyle PLCAPE50 5.0 Farad Digital Power Capacitor $68.34 5.0 Farad Digital Display Power Capacitor. Capacitance plusmn; 5. 2024 Volt Surge 105oC. Blue Digital Display and blue LED flash. Strong Finishing For A Better Installation Result. 1 Pair Clear Brackets Included. Chrome Plated Post Kits. DC 12 24 volt. Electronic Polarity Protection Circuit. Over Voltage Protection Circuit. Includes Mounting Charging Hardware. Aluminum Brushed Case. Dimensions: 8.86 H 3.5 W

Pyle PLDCP17 1.7 Farad Digital Power Capacitor $50.13 1.2 Farad Digital Display Power Capacitor. Capacitance plusmn; 5. 2024 Volt Surge 105oC. Strong Finishing For A Better Installation Result. 1 Pair Clear Brackets Included. Chrome Plated Post Kits. Electronic Polarity Protection Circuit. Over Voltage Protection Circuit. Includes Mounting Charging Hardware. Aluminum Brushed Case. Red Digital Display and blue LED flash. PVC sleeve and blister package. DC 12 24 volt. Dimensions: 8.66 H x 2.99 W

Pyle 1.8 Farad Digital Capacitor PLCAPE18 $49.11 1.8 Farad Digital Display Power Capacitor. Capacitance 5. 2024 Volt Surge 105oC. Blue Digital Display and blue LED flash. Strong Finishing For A Better Installation Result. 1 Pair Clear Brackets Included. Chrome Plated Post Kits. DC 12 24 volt. Electronic Polarity Protection Circuit. Over Voltage Protection Circuit. Includes Mounting Charging Hardware. Aluminum Brushed Case. Dimensions: 8.66 H 2.99 W

Pyle 5.0 Farad Digital Power Capacitor PLCAPE50 $68.34 5.0 Farad Digital Display Power Capacitor. Capacitance 5. 2024 Volt Surge 105oC. Blue Digital Display and blue LED flash. Strong Finishing For A Better Installation Result. 1 Pair Clear Brackets Included. Chrome Plated Post Kits. DC 12 24 volt. Electronic Polarity Protection Circuit. Over Voltage Protection Circuit. Includes Mounting Charging Hardware. Aluminum Brushed Case. Dimensions: 8.86 H 3.5 W

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Radio Short Wave DIY Version II

Solar inverter market price is expected to lower heating - heat pumps, solar, inverter - heat pump industry

The continuous development of human society, along with more Energy Consumption, and thus find New Energy Become an urgent task. It is necessary to maintain the development of industrial economy, but also reduce the "carbon" emissions, an important way to increase the utilization Solar Energy And other new energy sources. In response, countries around the world have increasing input solar power as an alternative to Oil , Coal and other traditional energy sources.

Among the many renewable energy, solar energy received by the concern, the global wave of solar power is off. Developed countries, the United States plans to make the 2025 renewable energy accounted for 25% of the total electricity supply; to 2020, Japan's solar power generation capacity will reach about 20 times in 2005; to 2030, will 40 times. Developing countries have a high degree of solar energy concerns, the Chinese renewable energy by 2020 will account for 12.5% of the total electricity supply; in India by 2012 the share of renewable energy will reach 12%.

Inverter required support to improve efficiency

The rise of emerging markets, often means the birth of new opportunities. As a new solar energy, battery manufacturing, Power supply Conversion and other related enterprises to provide a new stage play. Commenting on the new energy future prospects, International Rectifier (IR), vice president of strategic market development AlbertoGuerra said: "For home and business Environment For future power Energy Strategy is to use the smart grid and smart Home Appliances , And further the use of solar (and wind) technology to generate electricity. "

As photovoltaic power generation system for the DC current generated, but the civil power to the main AC power, and solar power will eventually run into the grid, which means that solar power inverter must be converted to AC DC to drive home appliances and other loads. Therefore, solar power inverter plays an important role in the system.

Inverter main function is to supply the variable DC voltage input into the exchange without interfering sine wave output, both for devices can also be fed back to the grid. In addition to achieving AC-DC conversion, the inverter can also perform other functions, such as the circuit is disconnected, to prevent circuit damage due to current surges, also can charge the battery, on the use and performance of data storage, and maximum power point tracking (MPPT), to maximize the efficiency of power generation.

"Raise the energy efficiency of high-power solar systems, inverter is an important part, it is to ensure that solar energy conversion efficiency and return on investment the key factor." Infineon Technologies (China) Co., Ltd. home appliances and industrial power devices Marketing Manager Chen Ziying stressed the main points to improve solar power system is the inverter.

Although in recent years, manufacturers of solar cells has been committed to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells, but in February 2010 on the highest solar conversion efficiency of view, 15cm × 15cm 200 m thick solar cells can only achieve 19.3 % conversion efficiency. As the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar panels is relatively low (average about 15%), so get as much as possible from the solar panel output power inverter responsibility fell on him.

"Core U.S. market, National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Business Development Director Zhangyao Jiang pointed out that the solar system's biggest challenge is to optimize inverter performance."

Inverter power devices compete with the decision

The solar inverter performance improvement is even more dependent on the power switching devices, like access to high AC output voltage and current, power devices require correct choice. Chen Ziying said that China currently is the major development of solar power generation system, Golden Sun Model Project Interim Measures for Administration provides financial assistance funds, a single project installed capacity of not less than 300kWp.

"With the increase of single-power, solar inverter technology and devices subject to restrictions on the form of relatively simple circuit, mainly three phase inverter bridge, the important task of improving energy efficiency fell on power devices, the device their performance and design to use is the key. "

In small solar power inverter, many companies have their own proprietary circuit structure, a new generation of power devices so that these circuits even more powerful, efficiency, reliability, performance and other areas has greatly increased.

Infineon has developed a series of solar application products, such as high-power three-level module Easy and Econo4 portfolio, 50A ~ 300A650V; high-speed IGBT and SiC diode PrimePACK module specification 600A1200V. These power devices will help to promote more than 100KW solar inverter efficiency to a higher level. In addition, Infineon's structure grooved-gate field termination technology FieldStopIGBT, CoolMOS, silicon carbide SiC diode in energy efficient solar inverters have outstanding performance.

IR is also a pioneer in solar technology. AlbertoGuerra, as early as the early 60s, IR production of solar cells will be used for the first satellite on top of cars and even solar energy to drive the first electric car. Today, IR for the solar industry to provide a wide range of power management products, especially household, commercial and utility applications business-level string inverter. IRMOSFET and IGBT technologies to play advanced performance, can be used for different solar inverter topology, such as single-phase and three-phase design, the help system to reduce power dissipation. IR's IGBT products to take care of all of these performance requirements of Park Extension, covering power 5KW to 30KW and above, the voltage range of 600V to 1200V.

"Infineon Technologies (China) Co., Ltd. home appliances and industrial power device market manager for Chen Ziying, said inverter is solar energy conversion efficiency to ensure the key factors and return on investment." Inverter design features: reliability and efficiency simultaneously

For engineers familiar with power management, solar power inverter system requires additional attention to what point? First, existing PV systems use inverter point of view, they generally use only 5 to 10 years, while the service life of PV panels for 25 years, a photovoltaic inverter system reliability the lowest component. IR's AlbertoGuerra proposed PV system designer must consider the life of the inverter. "Solar inverter technology industry for the life of the product have high expectations in general can guarantee 20 to 25 years of use, so special emphasis on the reliability of each component." Although the semiconductor device is usually achieved this level of reliability But there may be passive components is a challenge, especially capacitor
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