Ultraviolet High

How can I teach electromagnetic waves and what misconceptions must I clear?

Its year 9 higher level 3 intermediate according to the scheme of work they just need to know electromagnetic spectrum is made of radio waves, microwaves, infrared,visible,ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma-ray

and uses of some part of the spectrum

Just need to know how to teach that aspect of knowledge as well as cover misconceptions involved in this area of the topic

Sounds like a good school...

I use ripples on a pond as an example of translational waves like EM waves. If you have a big basin, you can fill it with water and actually demonstrate the following:

The oscilations are up/down, perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling.

The ripples spread out in all directions from the source (e.g., poking the water surface with your finger to make the ripples). Point out that, unlike the ripples, EM waves go out from the source as spheres, not circles. That is, EM waves are three dimensional in space.

Poke the surface with a finger from each hand and you can demonstrate constructive/destructive interference as you vary the frequencies of the poking and the distances between the two fingers.

Float a pencil in the water and poke from one side; note how the ripples curl around the pencil tips and continue on on the far side of the pencil. Low freq EM waves do the same thing...i.e., go around.

Poke with vigor but at a fixed rate f (i.e., frequency) and note the amplitude (height) of the ripples. Then poke lightly at the same rate and note the smaller amplitude. Point out the frequency f was the same, but the amplitudes were different. Amplitudes indicate the intensity of the EM waves (e.g., bright vs dim light).

Float a small cork on the surface. Poke the water nearby to create a steady state of ripples (fixed frequency). Point out that the cork is not moving at the same rate away from your finger. The ripples are moving much faster away from the source. This shows the molecules making up the ripples are not moving at the same speed the ripples are moving. This is NOT what photons do; they in fact move at the same speed (light speed) as the waves they form. But you can demonstrate the difference between photons and other things that can form waves.

Name some of the frequencies; their names indicate their slots on the EM spectrum: gamma, X, micro, light, radio. Except for the gamma, I think everyone will recognize what each of these is. You can point out that gamma is very high energy, very short wavelength, very high frequency EM waves sometimes used in medicine to heal people. You can also point out ROYGBIV as the mnemonic for the visible light spectrum.

From questions asked in Yahoo Answers, the most common misconceptions include: that EM speed is the same no matter what the medium, in fact light speed in something other than a vacuum is always...always...slower than it is in the vacuum.

Another is that light is either particle or wave, in fact it comprises particles, the photons, that travel in oscillating groups that give these the wave characteristics. That is, like the ripples comprising water molecules, light has waves comprising photons. EM waves are waves of photons.

Yet another is that intensity varies with EM frequency. But as the ripples demonstrated, intensity (bright or dim) actually varies with the amplitude of the waves.

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Stiff Dylans - Ultraviolet lyrics (high quality)

Complete this sentence: Atoms absorb visible and ultraviolet light?

A) as electrons jump from lower energy levels to higher levels.
B) as the atoms condense from a gas to a liquid.
C) as electrons jump from higher energy levels to lower levels.
D) as they are heated and the solid melts to form a liquid.

Its A, as an atom absorbs visible and ultraviolet light, energy is given to the electrons. The electrons are then excited and they jump to a higher energy level.