Sapphire Laser Titanium-sapphire lasers produce pulses of light that are 150 fs in duration.?
Titanium-sapphire lasers produce pulses of light that are 150 fs in duration. These are pulsed lasers with a typical frequency of 80 MHz. This means that these lasers produce 80 million (!) pulses of light per second, and each pulse is 150 fs long. These lasers are often used in pump-probe experiments. If we are pumping a sample 80 million times per second, what is the fraction of time in which the sample is being excited by the pump beam? Next, perform the following calculation: If we had a pulsed laser with a pulse length of one second and the pulse-to-frequency ratio the same as in a Ti-sapphire laser, what would be the time between the pulses?
For a pulsed laser with a repetition rate of F hertz (sec^-1), and a pulse length of T (sec), the "light will be on" for F*T seconds per second.
In this specific case, the sample will be excited 150*10^-15 sec * 80*10^6 sec^-1 = 1.2*10^-5 sec/sec = 0.0012 % of the time.
It's not clear what is meant by "pulse-to-frequency ratio" in the second part of this question. Do you mean "what if the 'duty cycle' (i.e., the fraction of the time that the light is "on") is the same as in the previous case"? If that's what is meant, then:
Duty cycle = 1.2*10^-5 sec/sec (from above)
If the pulse length were actually 1 sec, the frequency would be:
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The resonant laser ionisation uses the fact that each element has specific frequencies to absorb and emit light. By choosing the correct resonance it is possible to excite and ionise only the desired element. The line width has to be in the range of a few gigahertzes ( 5 GHz) to cover the Doppler broadening and level splitting. For this purpose a laser light source with the right attributes is needed. With the development of the Titanium Sapphire laser a new widely tuneable laser light source is available. The standard wavelength range reaches from 650 nm up to 1100 nm. Those properties make the laser perfect for the resonant laser ionisation. This book describes the necessary theory to setup such a laser and to determine its properties. Those are investigated during miscellaneous experiments and presented along with the design work on a ZResonator TitaniumSapphire Laser. This book will be a useful tool to every one determining laser parameters and working with the resonant laser ionisation. Author: Albers, Daniel Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 96 Publication Date: 2008/10/01 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.20 inches
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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles The active laser medium is the source of optical gain within a laser. The gain results from the stimulated emission of electronic or molecular transitions to a lower energy state from a higher energy state previously populated by a pump source. Examples of active laser media include: Certain crystals, typically doped with rareearth ions or transition metal ions; most often yttrium aluminium garnet, yttrium orthovanadate, or sapphire; Glasses, e.g. silicate or phosphate glasses, doped with laseractive ions; Gases, e.g. mixtures of helium and neon, nitrogen, argon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or metal vapors; Semiconductors, e.g. gallium arsenide, indium gallium arsenide, or gallium nitride. In order to lase, the active gain medium must be in a nonthermal energy distribution known as a population inversion. The preparation of this state requires an external energy source and is known as laser pumping. Pumping may be achieved with electrical currents or with light, generated by discharge lamps or by other lasers. More exotic gain media can be pumped by chemical reactions, nuclear fission, or with highenergy electron beams. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 100 Publication Date: 2010/07/14 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.23 inches
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Single nanotube experiment with tunable Ti:Sapphire laser Trestles Finesse
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