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Physics Cutting Laser
Is it possible to create a vacuum in ice?
kinda fascinated with making things of ice... and vacuums are incredibly useful - as you can use them (i think) to make things hotter or colder much faster.
thinking.. that i could use a vacuum to freeze water faster, or cut ice with a cheap simple laser to a higher precision
thoughts? suggestions? i'm definitely not up on physics.. just curious about possibilities : )
I don't really think you can use a vacuum to freeze water faster. Take a look at the phase diagram for water [1]. If you reduce the pressure, the melting point of water hardly changes, and at a certain point (about 1/100 of an atmosphere), we hit the sublimation point where solid ice directly turns into vapor without melting into water first. And if you reduce the pressure even further, the sublimation temperature reduces... making it effectively harder to make ice.
This phenomenon is common to a lot of chemicals (indeed, most pure liquids at room temperature and standard pressure I know of). Another example is making dry ice (solid carbon dioxide): you need to increase the pressure to make it.
As to whether you can create a vacuum in ice... probably not. At low pressures water vapor easily forms directly from ice. Refer back to the phase diagram, you see that to maintain a partial vacuum in ice (without substantial water vapor) requires maintaining the block of ice at extremely low temperatures (for example, to get it to 1 Pascal [roughly 7.5 millitorrs, a respectable but not spectacular vacuum]) you'd need to cool the whole thing to 200K or -73 C or -100 F )
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Laser Physics $147.58 This book treats the interaction of radiation with matter, particular attention being paid to the laser. Knowledge is assumed of the usual halfyear introduction of quantum mechanics found in undergraduate physics curricula. The material can be covered in two semesters, or, alternatively, the first part (Chaps 113) can be used as a onesemester course in which quantum mechanical aspects of the electromagnetic field are ignored. Each chapter is accompanied by problems that illustrate the text and give useful (occasionally new) results. Existing laser media are intrinsically quantum mechanical and are most easily studied with the quantum theory. Understanding the laser along these lines enlivens ones understanding of quantum mechanics itself. In fact, the material constitutes a viable, applied alternative for the usual second and third semesters of quantum mechanics. Author: Sargent, Murry III/ Sargent, Murray/ Scully, Marian O. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 464 Publication Date: 1974/01/01 Language: English Dimensions: 8.69 x 5.98 x 0.95 inches |
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Problems in Laser Physics $157.72 This book presents the first comprehensive collection of solved problems in laser physics covering both fundamental and applied aspects of laser science and technology. The framework of the book, including structuring of topics and notations, closely follows that adopted in the Principles of Laser book by Professor O. Svelto. The collection of problems presented in this book appears therefore a natural complement to Sveltos textbook for testing and developing the skills acquired in the reading of the theory; however, it may also be a useful support to any general textbook on laser physics, wherein problems are usually not solved in detail. We remark that this is, to our knowledge, the first book to provide a complete and satisfactory set of solved problems in such a highly developing field of science and technology. The problems fall mainly into three distinct categories: (i) numerical/applied problems, which help the reader to become confident and familiar with the basic concepts and methods of laser physics, and to acquire a feeling for numerical parameters entering in realworld laser systems; (ii) complementary problems, that present in detail demonstrations of some analytical parts not given in the textbook; and (iii) advanced problems, aimed either to provide a deeper understanding of the subject or to cover more recent developments in the field. Audience: This book is primarily intended for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, and chemistry. However, it may also be a useful tool for industrial professionals working in the field of laser technologies and laser applications, as well as for researchers interested in basic aspects of realworld lasers and related fields. Author: Cerullo, Giulio/ Nisoli, Mauro/ Longhi, Stefano Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 308 Publication Date: 2001/10/31 Language: English Dimensions: 9.24 x 7.16 x 0.85 inches |
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Laser Physics (Hardcover) $416.83 In Laser Physics the interaction of radiation and matter, and the principles of laser operation are treated at a level suitable for fourth-year undergraduate courses or introductory graduate courses in physics, chemistry or engineering. The factors which determine efficiency, wavelength coverage, output power, and beam quality of the different classes of laser are treated both in terms of fundamental theory and practical construction aspects. Details of established types of solid-state, semiconductor, and gas lasers are examined together with the techniques that enable their output to be converted widely across the spectrum. The latest advances in high power fibre lasers, femtosecond lasers, and X-ray lasers are explained. The text is liberally illustrated with more than 300 diagrams. An extensive bibliography is provided, together with numerical problems in each chapter. Solutions are available via the web. |
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Strong Field Laser Physics $360.72 Due to the rapid progress in laser technology a wealth of novel fundamental and applied applications of lasers in atomic and plasma physics have become possible. This book focuses on the interaction of high intensity lasers with matter. It reviews the state of the art of high power laser sources, intensity laseratom and laserplasma interactions, laser matter interaction at relativistic intensities, and QED with intense lasers. Author: Brabec, Thomas/ Kapteyn, Henry/ Brabec, Thomas Series Title: Springer Series in Optical Sciences Series Number: 1027 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 591 Publication Date: 2008/09/01 Language: English Dimensions: 9.30 x 6.20 x 1.10 inches |
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Laser Physics at Relativistic Intensities $269.24 For the first time in a book, this monograph describes relativistic and chargedisplacement selfchannelling, which is the major finding in the physics of superintense laser beams. It also presents general nonlinear models of lasers plasma interactions specifically in the case of extremely high intensities. Author: Borovsky, Andrew V./ Galkin, Andrew L./ Auguste, Thierry Series Title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series Number: 34 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 230 Publication Date: 2003/08/13 Language: English Dimensions: 9.21 x 6.14 x 0.56 inches |
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Physics of Solid State Laser Materials $135.33 This graduatelevel text presents the fundamental physics of solidstate lasers, including the basis of laser action and the optical and electronic properties of laser materials. After an overview of the topic, the first part begins with a review of quantum mechanics and solidstate physics, spectroscopy, and crystal field theory; it then treats the quantum theory of radiation, the emission and absorption of radiation, and nonlinear optics; concluding with discussions of lattice vibrations and ionion interactions, and their effects on optical properties and laser action. The second part treats specific solidstate laser materials, the prototypical ruby and NdYAG systems being treated in greatest detail; and the book concludes with a discussion of novel and nonstandard materials. Some knowledge of quantum mechanics and solidstate physics is assumed, but the discussion is as selfcontained as possible, making this an excellent reference, as well as useful for independent study. Author: Powell, Richard C. Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 437 Publication Date: 1998/03/27 Language: English Dimensions: 9.53 x 6.40 x 0.99 inches |
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Laser Physics at the Limits $221.44 Published on the occasion of Theodor H nschs 60th Birthday emphasis is placed on precision related to results in a variety of fields, such as atomic clocks, frequency standards, and the measurement of physical constants in atomic physics. Furthermore, illustrations and engineering applications of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics are widely covered. It has contributions by Nobel prize winners Norman F. Ramsey, Steven Chu, and Carl E. Wieman. Author: Figger, Hartmut/ Meschede, Dieter/ Zimmermann, Claus Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 522 Publication Date: 2001/12/12 Language: English Dimensions: 9.16 x 6.68 x 1.00 inches |
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Laser Cutting Guide for Manufacturing $126.75 No Synopsis Available |
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25w co2 laser cutting burning! Dedicated to my physics teachers...
Help with PHYSICS Problem?
For a demonstration, a professor uses a razor blade to cut a thin slit in a piece of aluminum foil. When she shines a laser pointer (λ = 672 nm) through the slit onto a screen 5.6 m away, a diffraction pattern appears. The bright band in the center of the pattern is 5.0 cm wide. What is the width of the slit?
use the equations Tan0 = x/l 0= theta
and sin0 = mL/d L=lambda
the central fringe is twice as large as the other fringes so 2x = x for this problem.
l = 5.6m
x= 2.5cm or 0.025m
from that we can find 0.
that theta corresponds to an m value of 1 due to the x value.
so 1 x 672 x 10^-9m/d = sin0
from that you can find ur answer.
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