Holmium Yag Wavelength

Holmium $73.28 Holmium is a chemical element with the symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a relatively soft and malleable silverywhite metallic element, which is stable in dry air at room temperature. A rare earth metal, it is found in the minerals monazite and gadolinite. Holmium has the highest magnetic strength of any element and therefore is used for the polepieces of the strongest static magnets. Because holmium can absorb nuclear fissionbred neutrons, it is also used in nuclear control rods and for components for electronic devices. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 82 Publication Date: 2010/04/21 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.19 inches

Wavelength $81.25 Wavelength. Wave, Standing wave, Sine wave, Wave packet, Interference (wave propagation), Diffraction, Diffraction formalism, Angular resolution, Diffractionlimited system, Emission spectrum, Fraunhofer lines, Spectral line, Spectrum, Spectrum analysis Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 90 Publication Date: 2009/10/25 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.21 inches

Yag Training Vessels $68.51 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles YAG (Yard Auxiliary, General) training vessels are wooden boats built between 1954 and 1958, and based at CFB Esquimalt in Esquimalt, British Columbia, Canada. The vessels are used for training Canadian Forces regular naval officers, naval reservists, and members of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets in basic seamanship, vessel handling, and navigation. According to the Department of National Defence, in 2000, a total of 1830 personnel were deployed on the YAGs for a total of 585 days and steamed over 25,000 nautical miles (46,000 km) in support of training. YAGs displace 70 tonnes, and are divided into five major belowdecks compartments: right forward, a chain locker, then the forward cabin, containing the galley, one of the heads (washrooms) and the officers eating and sleeping areas, as well as the gyroscopic (gyro) compass. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 80 Publication Date: 2010/07/05 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.19 inches

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A Review of Laser Prostate Procedures

There are new laser treatments available for sufferers of BHP (Benign Hypertrophic Prostate) and other prostate conditions. They are replacing the "gold standard" TURP and TUNA procedures, and are characterized by much shorter recovery periods and are ideal for patients who might also be on blood thinner medication (Coumadin/Warfarin).

There are two competing laser technologies for prostate treatments - you should understand the differences: the Holmium (YAG) laser, and PVP (KPT) laser (otherwise known as "Green Light".) The differences between the two are in the wavelength of the lasers used, and the nature of the energy transmitted to the tissues.

PVP LASER (Green Light)

The PVP (KPT) laser has a somewhat long wavelength that penetrates the tissue more deeply - in fact, the energy penetrates more deeply than it ablates (removes). What this means is that tissue that is left behind has been affected by the laser. The result can be a phenomenon known as necrosis of the affected tissue: the remaining tissue dies and may require further treatment of other means to remove, down the line.

This is a potential detrimental side effect. Because of the higher possibility of necrosis, PVP is not recommended for larger prostate conditions. It is considered viable for smaller prostates.

HOLMIUM LASER

The Holmium (YAG) laser has a shorter wavelength and penetrates less deeply than the PVP. Energy from the laser is imparted only to the the tissue that is ablated (removed). As a result, there is no necrosis concern.

In a panel discussion of noted urologists comparing the two technologies for HoLAP procedures[1], the experiences of all came down positively for the Holmium vs. the PVP laser.

HoLEP - ENUCLEATION OF THE PROSTATE

With the Holmium laser, it is now possible to completely remove the prostate with minimal side effects. This is called enucleation. The prostate is completely detached with fine (2-3mm) laser instruments, and passed through a pair of incisions in the bladder. It is then sectioned, and the sections are brought into the bladder through the incisions, where they are broken up into passable bits (the bits are passed through the catheter.)

This is becoming the new "gold standared" treatment, replacing the TURP procedure in many advanced urological centers. Side effects are minimal, and, according to one study[2], sexual function (ability to gain and maintain an erection) may actually increase, depending on the nature of prior dysfunction, if any.

WHERE TO GO?

One consideration is going overseas for treatment. HoLEP is available in at least one group of urolotical hospitals located in India, using exactly the same procedures and equipment as in major US facilities. The procedure can be done for as little as a fifth to a tenth of that in the US.

[1]Urological Times [2]Journal of Andrology

About the Author

Garrick Berger is the managing director of Overseas Medical Connection a company dedicated to assisting prospective patients evaluate their overseas treatment/medical tourism options. The company also maintains a forum for those wishing to exchange research and experiences on medical treatment overseas.