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One extra high burning power (1000-1500mW) infrared TO-5 9mm laser diode + Gift | ![]() |
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US $19.99 | 27d 7h 13m |
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1pcs 808nm CW 300mW High Power Burning Infrared Laser Diode Module DIY Lab New | ![]() |
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US $4.12 | 22d 4h 22m |
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808nm 300mW High Power Burning Infrared Laser Diode Lab | ![]() |
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US $4.49 | 27d 7h 17m |
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808nm 300mW 10*6mm High Power Burning IR Infrared Laser Diode Module 3 Pins Lab | ![]() |
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US $4.13 | 22d 4h 17m |
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New 2.2V 808nm CW 300mW High Power Burning Infrared IR Laser Diode Module Lab | ![]() |
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US $1.00 | 22d 4h 16m |
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NEW 1W 808nm c-mount High Power Infrared IR laser diode | ![]() |
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US $38.00 | 18d 20h |
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1W 835nm 9mm High Power Infrared IR laser diode no PD | ![]() |
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US $440.00 | 24d 17h 41m |
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NEW 3W 808nm c-mount High Power Infrared IR laser diode | ![]() |
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US $220.00 | 24d 17h 38m |
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NEW 300mW 808nm High Power Infrared IR laser diode | ![]() |
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US $12.11 | 18d 20h |
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TO-3 Package High Power 4000mW 4W 808nm/810nm Infrared IR Laser/Lazer Diode LD | ![]() |
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US $143.00 | 14d 10h 2m |
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TO-3 Package High Power 4000mW 4W 940nm Infrared IR Laser/Lazer Diode LD | ![]() |
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US $143.00 | 14d 10h 2m |
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One extra high burning power (1000-1500mW) infrared laser diode + Mounting Kit* | ![]() |
0 Bid | US $59.99 | 4d 8h 18m |
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High Power Infrared Diodes

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One extra high burning power (1000-1500mW) infrared TO-5 9mm laser diode + Gift | ![]() |
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US $19.99 | 27d 7h 13m |
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1pcs 808nm CW 300mW High Power Burning Infrared Laser Diode Module DIY Lab New | ![]() |
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US $4.12 | 22d 4h 22m |
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808nm 300mW High Power Burning Infrared Laser Diode Lab | ![]() |
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US $4.49 | 27d 7h 17m |
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808nm 300mW 10*6mm High Power Burning IR Infrared Laser Diode Module 3 Pins Lab | ![]() |
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US $4.13 | 22d 4h 17m |
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New 2.2V 808nm CW 300mW High Power Burning Infrared IR Laser Diode Module Lab | ![]() |
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US $1.00 | 22d 4h 16m |
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NEW 1W 808nm c-mount High Power Infrared IR laser diode | ![]() |
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US $38.00 | 18d 20h |
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1W 835nm 9mm High Power Infrared IR laser diode no PD | ![]() |
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US $440.00 | 24d 17h 41m |
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NEW 3W 808nm c-mount High Power Infrared IR laser diode | ![]() |
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US $220.00 | 24d 17h 38m |
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NEW 300mW 808nm High Power Infrared IR laser diode | ![]() |
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US $12.11 | 18d 20h |
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TO-3 Package High Power 4000mW 4W 808nm/810nm Infrared IR Laser/Lazer Diode LD | ![]() |
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US $143.00 | 14d 10h 2m |
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TO-3 Package High Power 4000mW 4W 940nm Infrared IR Laser/Lazer Diode LD | ![]() |
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US $143.00 | 14d 10h 2m |
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One extra high burning power (1000-1500mW) infrared laser diode + Mounting Kit* | ![]() |
0 Bid | US $59.99 | 4d 8h 18m |
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One extra high burning power (1000-1500mW) infrared TO-5 9mm laser diode + Gift | ![]() |
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US $19.99 | 27d 7h 13m |
![]() |
1pcs 808nm CW 300mW High Power Burning Infrared Laser Diode Module DIY Lab New | ![]() |
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US $4.12 | 22d 4h 22m |
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808nm 300mW High Power Burning Infrared Laser Diode Lab | ![]() |
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US $4.49 | 27d 7h 17m |
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808nm 300mW 10*6mm High Power Burning IR Infrared Laser Diode Module 3 Pins Lab | ![]() |
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US $4.13 | 22d 4h 17m |
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New 2.2V 808nm CW 300mW High Power Burning Infrared IR Laser Diode Module Lab | ![]() |
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US $1.00 | 22d 4h 16m |
![]() |
NEW 1W 808nm c-mount High Power Infrared IR laser diode | ![]() |
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US $38.00 | 18d 20h |
![]() |
1W 835nm 9mm High Power Infrared IR laser diode no PD | ![]() |
![]() |
US $440.00 | 24d 17h 40m |
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NEW 3W 808nm c-mount High Power Infrared IR laser diode | ![]() |
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US $220.00 | 24d 17h 38m |
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NEW 300mW 808nm High Power Infrared IR laser diode | ![]() |
![]() |
US $12.11 | 18d 20h |
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TO-3 Package High Power 4000mW 4W 808nm/810nm Infrared IR Laser/Lazer Diode LD | ![]() |
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US $143.00 | 14d 10h 2m |
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The Diodes $93.99 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles The Diodes were a Canadian punk/new wave band formed in 1976. They released five albums: Diodes (1977), Released (1979), ActionReaction (1980), Survivors (1982), and Time/Damage Live 1978 (2010). One of the first Toronto bands playing that style of music, The Diodes helped foster the scene in the city. Along with manager Ralph Alfonso, The Diodes opened the first Canadian punk nightclub in 1977, called Crash n Burn, where many of the citys punk bands at that time played. The first band to play the club was The Nerves, on a double bill with The Diodes. The club was closed at the end of the summer of 1977 due to complaints by the Liberal Party of Ontario (the principal tenants of the building). Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 130 Publication Date: 2010/08/01 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.31 inches |
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Light-Emitting Diodes (Hardcover) $186.1 Revised and fully up-dated, the second edition of this graduate textbook offers a comprehensive explanation of the technology and physics of LEDs such as infrared, visible-spectrum, ultraviolet, and white LEDs made from III-V semiconductors. Elementary properties such as electrical and optical characteristics are reviewed, followed by the analysis of advanced device structures. With nine additional chapters, the treatment of LEDs has been vastly expanded, including new material on device packaging, reflectors, UV LEDs, III-V nitride materials, solid-state sources for illumination applications, and junction temperature. Radiative and non-radiative recombination dynamics, methods for improving light extraction, high-efficiency and high-power device designs, white-light emitters with wavelength-converting phosphor materials, optical reflectors, and spontaneous recombination in resonant-cavity structures are discussed in detail. With exercises, solutions, and illustrative examples, this textbook will be of interest to scientists and engineers working on LEDs and graduate students in electrical engineering, applied physics, and materials science. |
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Red and Near Infrared Microcavity LightEmitting Diodes $196.21 Lighting is essential to modern society but it accounts for nearly 20 of the electrical energy usage. Thus efforts to increase the conversion efficiencies of light sources are attracting more and more attention. Potential high efficiency light sources are fluorescent lamps or lightemitting diodes (LEDs). Modern LEDs show internal quantum efficiencies of virtually 100 . However, in the case of standard LEDs most of this light is trapped inside the device because of total internal reflection at the interface semiconductorair. Several methods have been developed in order to increase the extraction efficiency. This can be done either by optimizing the device geometry in order to increase the escape cone or by incorporating a resonant structure in order to force the internal emission into the existing escape cone. The latter approach is called microcavity LED (MCLED) or resonant cavity LED (RCLED) and is presented in detail in this work. Novel concepts to further increase the external quantum efficiency are discussed and experimental results are presented. Author: Joray, Reto Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 268 Publication Date: 2009/05/01 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.56 inches |
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Sennheiser SZI1029 Infrared Assistive Listening System $2200 Sennheiser SZI1029 Infrared Assistive Listening System The SZI 1029 is a high powered infrared emitter for wideband or narrow-band signals from an IR modulator. Covers up to 12,500 sq. ft. in single channel mode; 6,250 sq. ft. in 2-channel mode; 8,000 sq. ft. divided by number of channels in multi-channel mode. Features: High powered radiator with a maximum coverage area of 12,500 sq. ft. RF output for connecting additional radiators Automatic on/off function 5/8" and 3/8" threads for mounting 12 independent groups of transmitting diodes and malfunction indicator Greater coverage area Convenient interconnectivity Controlled from a single location Ease of installation Excellent reliability Available in black or white Specifications: Number of transmitting diodes: 144 IR light wavelength: 880 nm Average diode current: 110 mA Average radiating power: 5 W Coverage area: 12,500/6,250 sq. ft. narrow band multi-channel; 8,000 sq.ft/# of channels Sub-carrier frequency range: 30 kHz–6 MHz RF input sensitivity: 50 mV–3 V RF input impedance approx.: 5 kW Threshold voltage for automatic on/off function: 50 mV RF input/output: 2 x BNC sockets Operating voltage: 90–280 V AC (switchable PSU) internal 24 V DC Power consumption: Stand-by/operation 50 mA /1.6 A; 230 V operating voltage 350 mA; 120 V operating voltage 610 mA Recommended cabling: 50 ohms coax (RG58) Dimensions: 9.84" x 7.08" x 3.15" Weight approx.: 4 lbs. Get Your Sennheiser SZI1029 Infrared Assistive Listening System Today! |
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Sennheiser SZI1029-10 Infrared Assistive Listening System $3445 Sennheiser SZI1029-10 Infrared Assistive Listening System Sennheiser SZI102910 is a high-power infra-red emitter that accepts wide or narrow-band signals from an IR modulator. Ideal for large spaces, the emitter has a coverage area of 12,500 square feet in single-channel mode or 6250 square feet in two-channel mode. In multi-channel mode, the emitter covers 8000 square feet per number of channels. The emitter offers automatic on/off by the modulator's RF carrier signal, and has 144 IR transmitting diodes for a strong signal. An RF output lets you cascade the signal to even more emitters for greater coverage. Features: High-power, dual-channel IR emitter Expand the coverage area of your IR modulator Covers 12,500 square feet in single mode, 6250 square feet in dual mode, or 8000 square feet per number of channels in multi-channel mode Automatic on/off at presence of an RF carrier signal RF output for connecting additional emitters Get Your Sennheiser SZI1029-10 Infrared Assistive Listening System Today! |
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Sennheiser SZI1029-24 Infrared Assistive Listening System $2200 Sennheiser SZI1029-24 Infrared Assistive Listening System Sennheiser SZI102924 is a high-power infra-red emitter that accepts wide or narrow-band signals from an IR modulator. Ideal for large spaces, the emitter has a coverage area of 12,500 square feet in single-channel mode or 6250 square feet in two-channel mode. In multi-channel mode, the emitter covers 8000 square feet per number of channels. The emitter offers automatic on/off by the modulator's RF carrier signal, and has 144 IR transmitting diodes for a strong signal. An RF output lets you cascade the signal to even more emitters for greater coverage. Features: High-power, dual-channel IR emitter Expand the coverage area of your IR modulator Covers 12,500 square feet in single mode, 6250 square feet in dual mode, or 8000 square feet per number of channels in multi-channel mode Automatic on/off at presence of an RF carrier signal RF output for connecting additional emitters Get Your Sennheiser SZI1029-24 Infrared Assistive Listening System Today! |
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40 Meters Infrared Lighting with 48pcs Infrared LED Lamp $26.09 FeaturesInfrared lightingWith 48 high-power infrared LED lampIrradiation distance of 40 metersDegree angle lighting option 60/30/15Suitable for long-distance infrared illuminationSpecificationInfrared lightingWith 48 high-power infrared LED lampIrradiation distance of 40 metersDegree angle lighting option 60/30/15Suitable for long-distance infrared illumination |
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Nady IR-200/210 Infrared Hearing Assistance Systems $1249.99 Nady IR-200/210 Infrared Hearing Assistance Systems Features: Advanced 2.3/2.8MHz IR transmission eliminates the interference from ballast (fluorescent tube) lighting which was problematic with earlier 95/250KHz IR systems 4000 sq. ft. (370 sq. m) coverage Any number of IR-200 transmitters can easily be daisy-chained together for greater coverage via dual sync in and sync out connectors on each unit Can be wall-mounted or on optional stand for portable temporary setups Transmitter can be used with any number of IR-210 (stereo) or IR-211 (dual/separate channel) receivers High-gain IR LED (light-emitting diode) emitter panel with built-in amplifiers Two Audio Inputs, fully compatible with any audio source such as mixers, radios, VCRs, etc. Two Mic Inputs (for optional voice-overs) LED indicators for Signal On for both Audio In and Mic In inputs Built-in automatic level control (ALC) to eliminate audio peaks and ensure comfortable listening levels 28VDC external powering from supplied AC/DC adapter simplifies installation wiring requirements Headphone receivers feature ultra IR light-sensitive diodes for optimum reception and maximum range; A/B channel select switch (IR-211 only); On/Off power switch with LED indicator; two audio volume controls Uses two AAA batteries Adjustable headband for comfortable fit Get Your Nady IR-200/210 Infrared Hearing Assistance Systems Today! |
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Nady IR-200/211 Infrared Hearing Assistance Systems $1309.99 Nady IR-200/211 Infrared Hearing Assistance Systems Features: Advanced 2.3/2.8MHz IR transmission eliminates the interference from ballast (fluorescent tube) lighting which was problematic with earlier 95/250KHz IR systems 4000 sq. ft. (370 sq. m) coverage Any number of IR-200 transmitters can easily be daisy-chained together for greater coverage via dual sync in and sync out connectors on each unit Can be wall-mounted or on optional stand for portable temporary setups Transmitter can be used with any number of IR-210 (stereo) or IR-211 (dual/separate channel) receivers High-gain IR LED (light-emitting diode) emitter panel with built-in amplifiers Two Audio Inputs, fully compatible with any audio source such as mixers, radios, VCRs, etc. Two Mic Inputs (for optional voice-overs) LED indicators for Signal On for both Audio In and Mic In inputs Built-in automatic level control (ALC) to eliminate audio peaks and ensure comfortable listening levels 28VDC external powering from supplied AC/DC adapter simplifies installation wiring requirements Headphone receivers feature ultra IR light-sensitive diodes for optimum reception and maximum range; A/B channel select switch (IR-211 only); On/Off power switch with LED indicator; two audio volume controls Uses two AAA batteries Adjustable headband for comfortable fit Get Your Nady IR-200/211 Infrared Hearing Assistance Systems Today! |
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Group of Glass Vacuum Tube Diodes $29.99 Group of Glass Vacuum Tube Diodes Photographic Print by . Product size approximately 18 x 24 inches. Available at Art.com. Embrace your Space - your source for high quality fine art posters and prints. |
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Morovision MVB902413IR Pegasus 7 Infrared Beacon $225.27 Pegasus 7 (NSN: 5855015401898) is a synchronized infrared signaling beacon developed specifically for high risk missions where rapid identification of marked assets is critical. The Pegasus 7 enhances other beacons flash pattern coding by providing the ability to synchronize several beacons so they flash in unison. With several beacons deployed synchronized flash patterns are recognized by operators and commanders in less than half the time as traditionally coded beacons. Faster squad recognition along with a dramatically reduced incidence of confusion with small arms fire extends this beacons capabilities well beyond that of traditional programmable beacons. The Pegasus 7 has the capability to store two userselectable flash patterns in memory. The first code pattern is a fixed flash rate code identical to the Phoenix Jr. (NSN: 585501438 4588). The second code pattern is user programmed. The operator can easily switch between each of the encoded flash patterns or a standby mode via the beacons programming pins or with the wireless Pegasus 6 Programmer. The standby mode allows the beacon to put in a sleep setting where no flash pattern is broadcast allowing it to be switched from standby to ON without disconnecting the battery. Both of the Pegasus 7 s flash patterns can be synchronized by using the beacons themselves or by using the Pegasus 6 Programmer. The beacons nonvolatile memory allows the battery to be removed from the beacon without erasing any of the entered codes. Pegasus 7 IR (MVB902413IR) Pegasus 7 Red Training Model (MVB902413R) Pegasus 7 NV Green Training Model (MVB902413NV) Poseidon Phoenix/Pegasus Mounting Clip (MVB902801). Size: 1.24 x 0.9 x 0.574 31mm x 22.5mm x 14.6mm. Code Memories: Two; Phoenix Jr. fixed flash rate and one user defined. Flash repeat cycle: Programmable. Flash duration: Programmable. Configuration: 3 Light Emitting Diodes (LED). Coverage: 240 degrees x 360 degrees. Power Source: 9volt battery (1). Switching: Att |
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Morovision MVB902413NV Pegasus 7 Infrared Beacon $225.27 Pegasus 7 (NSN: 5855015401898) is a synchronized infrared signaling beacon developed specifically for high risk missions where rapid identification of marked assets is critical. The Pegasus 7 enhances other beacons flash pattern coding by providing the ability to synchronize several beacons so they flash in unison. With several beacons deployed synchronized flash patterns are recognized by operators and commanders in less than half the time as traditionally coded beacons. Faster squad recognition along with a dramatically reduced incidence of confusion with small arms fire extends this beacons capabilities well beyond that of traditional programmable beacons. The Pegasus 7 has the capability to store two userselectable flash patterns in memory. The first code pattern is a fixed flash rate code identical to the Phoenix Jr. (NSN: 585501438 4588). The second code pattern is user programmed. The operator can easily switch between each of the encoded flash patterns or a standby mode via the beacons programming pins or with the wireless Pegasus 6 Programmer. The standby mode allows the beacon to put in a sleep setting where no flash pattern is broadcast allowing it to be switched from standby to ON without disconnecting the battery. Both of the Pegasus 7 s flash patterns can be synchronized by using the beacons themselves or by using the Pegasus 6 Programmer. The beacons nonvolatile memory allows the battery to be removed from the beacon without erasing any of the entered codes. Pegasus 7 IR (MVB902413IR) Pegasus 7 Red Training Model (MVB902413R) Pegasus 7 NV Green Training Model (MVB902413NV) Poseidon Phoenix/Pegasus Mounting Clip (MVB902801). Size: 1.24 x 0.9 x 0.574 31mm x 22.5mm x 14.6mm. Code Memories: Two; Phoenix Jr. fixed flash rate and one user defined. Flash repeat cycle: Programmable. Flash duration: Programmable. Configuration: 3 Light Emitting Diodes (LED). Coverage: 240 degrees x 360 degrees. Power Source: 9volt battery (1). Switching: Att |
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Morovision MVB902413R Pegasus 7 Infrared Beacon $225.27 Pegasus 7 (NSN: 5855015401898) is a synchronized infrared signaling beacon developed specifically for high risk missions where rapid identification of marked assets is critical. The Pegasus 7 enhances other beacons flash pattern coding by providing the ability to synchronize several beacons so they flash in unison. With several beacons deployed synchronized flash patterns are recognized by operators and commanders in less than half the time as traditionally coded beacons. Faster squad recognition along with a dramatically reduced incidence of confusion with small arms fire extends this beacons capabilities well beyond that of traditional programmable beacons. The Pegasus 7 has the capability to store two userselectable flash patterns in memory. The first code pattern is a fixed flash rate code identical to the Phoenix Jr. (NSN: 585501438 4588). The second code pattern is user programmed. The operator can easily switch between each of the encoded flash patterns or a standby mode via the beacons programming pins or with the wireless Pegasus 6 Programmer. The standby mode allows the beacon to put in a sleep setting where no flash pattern is broadcast allowing it to be switched from standby to ON without disconnecting the battery. Both of the Pegasus 7 s flash patterns can be synchronized by using the beacons themselves or by using the Pegasus 6 Programmer. The beacons nonvolatile memory allows the battery to be removed from the beacon without erasing any of the entered codes. Pegasus 7 IR (MVB902413IR) Pegasus 7 Red Training Model (MVB902413R) Pegasus 7 NV Green Training Model (MVB902413NV) Poseidon Phoenix/Pegasus Mounting Clip (MVB902801). Size: 1.24 x 0.9 x 0.574 31mm x 22.5mm x 14.6mm. Code Memories: Two; Phoenix Jr. fixed flash rate and one user defined. Flash repeat cycle: Programmable. Flash duration: Programmable. Configuration: 3 Light Emitting Diodes (LED). Coverage: 240 degrees x 360 degrees. Power Source: 9volt battery (1). Switching: Att |
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The Blue LightEmitting Diodes $114.71 In this book, I have optimized the growth of n and pGaN films, and high quality InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on sapphire (0001) substrate by a low pressure metalorganic chemical vapour deposition and have fabricated high brightness InGaN/GaN MQW lightemitting diodes (LEDs) under optimum conditions. To improve quantum efficiency which is generally poor in the conventional rectangularshaped QWs due to spatial indirect recombination induced by internal piezoelectric field, we proposed a possibility of quantum dot (QD) engineering with triangularshaped band structure in the InGaN/GaN QWs. The structural and optical properties of the InGaN/GaN MQWs with different threading dislocation densities were also investigated. The effects of Sidoped nGaN and Mgdoped pGaN layers on the electrical and optical properties of the InGaN/GaN MQW LEDs were investigated and optimized under various growth parameters. Author: Choi, RakJun/ Hahn, YoonBong/ Lee, HyungJae Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 156 Publication Date: 2010/06/23 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.36 inches |
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Xantech 791-44 Infrared Repeater $92.99 0.94" Height x 6" Width x 2.25" Depth 1 x DC In 1 x Mini-phone - IR Output 10 12 V DC 791-44 791-44 Infrared Repeater 791-44 Infrared Repeater Jumpers Emitter port jumpers permit high or low power IR outpout High-speed opto-isolator for improved operation Parallel emitter ports drive 10 single or 10 dual emitters Requires either the 781ERGPS or 782ERGPS Power Supply Up to nine 790-00's can be connected to the 791-44 for control of up to 100 devices in a single zone STATUS terminal for connection of Xantech IR Receivers and Keypads that have status indicator LED's Quick connect stereo mini jack for Xantech IR Receivers that use a stereo mini plug Input signal Test-IR: Red LED Infrared Repeater Xantech Xantech Corporation Yes www.xantech.com |
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Dr Infrared Heater 1500W Dual System Portable Quartz Infrared Heater $189.99 The 2012 model Dr Infrared Heater, newly engineered and designed in the US, is one of the best alternative and most efficient heating sources for you this winter. The Dr Infrared Heater's Advanced Dual Heating System, combining PTC and Quartz Infrared Elements, keeps you warm this winter while saving on heating bills. Equipped with a Dual Heating System and High Velocity Low Noise blower, the Dr Infrared Heater increases the heat distribution and transfer rate and the result is heating your room to a comfortable temperature, fast. Testing shows the Dr Infrared Heater generates 60% more heat than most other heaters in the market. The Dr Infrared Heater is certified by Underwriters Laboratories (UL) USA & Canada, ensuring the highest safety standard . The Dr Infrared Heater is perfectly safe around children and pets and only gets warm to the touch. It does not have exposed heating elements that can cause a fire. The Dr Infrared Heater comes with Energy saving Auto Mode, high and low setting. When the mode is se Selling Unit: Each Type: Infrared Heater Features: Dual Heating System Size/Dimensions: 16" H x 13" W x 14" D Color/Finish: Cherry Power Rating (Watts): 1500 Voltage (Volts): 110V - 3 prong plug BTU Heat Rating (BTU): 5200 |
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Able Planet True Fidelity Infrared Wireless Headphones $99.99 Enjoy vibrant audio with these wireless headphones that feature 4 internal receiving diodes to capture IR signals 360 from the transmitter for comfortable use. LINX AUDIO technology offers high-quality sound. |
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Smallest USB to IrDA Wireless Infrared Adapter Silver $7.9 Transform into standard infrared data telecom interface through standard USB interfaceSupport Win98/98se/ME/2000/XP Support hot plug, plug and playUSB 1.1 and IrDA complianceSupport Mode: SIR[2.4Kbps 115.2Kbps], MIR[576Kbps 1152Kbps] and FIR[4Mbps]Suppot high speed infrared mode at 4Mbps, no external power source requiredTurn various electrical products into wireless contact, such as PC, PDA, Digital camera, scanner, support all mobile telephone with infrared English user manual includedSize: 165*111*25 mmWeight: 102 g |
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IR laser paper cut
LED Lighting: 10 Things to Know
Light emitting diodes, or LEDs, are becoming increasingly popular and more high-quality LED lighting products are being manufactured and sold in the marketplace. LED lighting is an attractive alternative to incandescent or fluorescent lighting in both residential and commercial lighting applications because they are very energy-efficient, have very long lives, are very small in size, do not have any re-strike time, can be dimmable, generate relatively little heat, have a slow failure rate, are shock resistant, work well in low temperatures, their light can be easily focused, and they contain no toxic mercury unlike today’s popular energy-efficient lighting product, the compact fluorescent light bulb (CFL). Here are 10 things that you should know about this newly-emerging light source.
1. Colored and White LEDs LEDs can be red, green, blue, or amber. The color emitted by an LED is dependent upon the materials used to produce it. For example, a red LED is made from the chemical elements of aluminum, gallium, and arsenic. White LEDs are created by covering a blue LED with a yellow phosphorous coating. A white LED can also be created by using a red, blue, and green LED in close proximity to each other. At this time, there is not an LED that can emit white light. Producing an LED that could emit white light is the “holy grail” of LED light research.
2. LED Brightness A single high power LED can produce about 80 lumens of light. In comparison, a standard 60 watt incandescent light bulb produces about 900 lumens. Thus, a single high power LED is only about 1/11th as bright as a 60 watt incandescent light bulb. In order to produce adequate lighting, therefore, an LED fixture must contain groups of LEDs. However, the future is bright, pun intended, for LEDs. The lumen output of LEDs has almost doubled in the last two years.
3. LED Color Temperature Color temperature is a measure of the color appearance of a light source which helps describe the apparent “warmth” (reddish) or “coolness” (bluish) of that light. Light sources below 3200 Kelvin (3200K) are considered to be “warm;” while those above 4000K are considered to be “cool” light sources. For comparison, a traditional household incandescent light bulb is 2800K. The color temperature of a light source is not related to how hot the light source will get or how much heat is given off by the light. White LEDs vary in color temperature. Some white LEDs can be as “warm” in appearance as 2600K but most white LEDs are slightly “cool” in appearance. This is because most white LEDs are created by putting yellow phosphors over blue LEDs.
4. LED Color Rendering Color rendering index (CRI) is the ability for any light source to render colors accurately. The CRI scale goes from 1 (low pressure sodium) to 100 (the sun). A CRI of 75 is considered to be good, a CRI of 85 is considered to be very good, a CRI of 95 is considered to be excellent, and, of course, a CRI of 100 is considered perfect. LEDs in a warm white color temperature are currently available with a CRI of 80.
5. LED Efficacy As with all light sources, the efficacy of LEDs is measured in lumens/watt, the amount of light produced by one unit of power. Warm white LEDs produce between 25-44 lumens/watt while cool white LEDs are more efficacious by producing 47-64 lumens/watt. In comparison, the typical household incandescent light bulb creates 10-18 lumens/watt while compact fluorescent light bulbs produce 35-60 lumens/watt.
6. LED Drivers Fluorescent light bulbs require a ballast in order to function. The ballast provides a starting voltage and limits the electrical current to the light bulb. LEDs also require a similar electronic power source. For LEDs, this electronic power source is usually called an LED driver. The LED driver converts line power to the appropriate voltage (usually between two and four volts DC for high-brightness LEDs) and current (typically 200-1000 milliamps or mA), and may also include dimming and/or color correction controls. LED drivers are generally about 85% efficient. Thus, the efficacy of LEDs should be reduced by 15% to account for the LED driver.
7. LED Heat Generation It is a myth that LEDs do not generate heat. In fact, all light sources generate heat and LED lights are no different. Thus, it is important that an LED fixture is well-designed with “heat sinks” to adequately dissipate the heat that is created.
8. LED Lifespan LEDs do not burn out like an incandescent light bulb. Instead they get progressively dimmer over their lifetime until they no longer emit enough light to be useful. An LED is generally considered to be no longer useful when it is emitting only 70% of the original amount of light the LED produced. The time that this takes is often referred to as the “rated life” of an LED. While some LEDs may have a rated life of 100,000 hours, this is usually only under perfect laboratory conditions. Under real-world conditions most LEDs operating in light fixtures might last up to 60,000 hours. The rated life of an LED is often much less when the LED is operating in a light fixture as opposed to the same LED operating outside of a light fixture due to the buildup of heat inside the fixture. The typical LED inside of a typical light fixture may have a rated life of 35,000 to 60,000 hours.
9. OLED An OLED is an organic light emitting diode. It is an LED that also contains carbon. OLEDs are generally manufactured as flexible lightweight sheets. Today, OLEDs operate at significantly lower efficiency than inorganic (crystalline) LEDs. OLEDs typically generate less light per area than inorganic, solid state LEDs, which are usually designed for use as point-light sources.
10. Infrared and UV Radiation White LEDs do not emit infrared, or heat, radiation like an incandescent light bulb. In addition, white LEDs do not create ultraviolet radiation (UV rays) like a fluorescent light bulb.
Although there has been a lot of media attention given to LEDs, there are still far too many LEDs that are not well-designed. In short, the LED lighting market is still maturing. Research continues to improve LED brightness, efficacy, and the rated life of LEDs at a remarkable pace. However, in the short-term be cautious when selecting an LED lighting fixture.
This article, “LED Lighting: 10 Things to Know,” first appeared on the Pegasus Associates Lighting website.
About the Author
About the Author
Tom Farin is founder and President of Pegasus Associates Lighting. Dr. Farin has been in the field of lighting for over 20 years. He has extensive training and experience in lighting, physics, mathematics and education, acquired at the undergraduate level, in graduate school, and in the field. It is Dr. Farin's interest and expertise in education that drives the overall design of the www.PegasusAssociates.com site - with its heavy emphasis on lighting terminology, lighting techniques, and thorough information on each lighting product.
















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