Helium Laser

What is the frequency of each of the following wave lengths of electromagnetic radiation (answer in s^-1)?

a) 632.8 nm (wavelength of red light from helium-neon laser)
b) 503 nm (wavelength of solar radiation)
c) 0.052 nm (a wavelength contained in medical X-rays)

Frequency = velocity divided by wavelength

The velocity of electromagnetic radiation is 3.00*10^8 meters per second.

There are 10^9 nm in a meter.

To solve the problem:
1) convert nm to meters (divide by 10^9)
2) Take the velocity and divide it by the number you got from step one

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Spectroscopic Studies in Solid Helium $218.86 First implantations of Ba and Cs atoms into solid He by means of laser ablation were done in 1993 at MPQ (Max Planck Institut fr Quantenoptik). Solid He is very well suited for high precision spin physics. The implanted atoms diffuse only very slowly out of the investigation region (few hours) in contrast to superfluid He (less than one second). Atoms in solid He are mainly lost due to dimer and cluster formation. A constant number of foreign atoms can be obtained by applying pulses from the same Nd:YAG laser used for the ablation process, thereby destroying the clusters. Longitudinal spin relaxation times of 1 second for Cs in solid He and magnetic resonance linewidths of 2,kHz (two orders of magnitude smaller than in superfluid He) were measured. The lines were broadened by residual magnetic fields and later, linewidths of only 20,Hz were obtained after reduction of magnetic field inhomogeneities. Doped solid He is such a complex and unique system that it has led to many interesting discoveries, some of them are discussed in detail in this work. Author: Hofer, Adrian Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 128 Publication Date: 2009/09/17 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.00 x 0.27 inches

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Helium Neon laser

HeliumNeon Laser: since Helium N neon both have their own metastable states, why cant they act as lasers alone?

its like they have their own metastable states, why cant they absorb the photons or thermal energy and excite to their own metastable states and create population inversion and produce stimulated emission themselves? why do they need each other? any professors able to tell me?

Actually, metastable states are achieved mutually. Also the various transitions correspond to some metastable state of one from the other metastable state of the other and u get the laser beam due to these kind of transitions. If one of them is not there, u can't specify a transition that leads to EMISSION OF LASER BEAM.