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For second harmonic generation what role do laser properties play in determining the Nonlinear crystal used?

For example how do the laser properties:

Beam size, Laser power or energy, bandwidth and divergence

determine the type of crystal which is used in say an Nd:YAG laser requiring SHG at 1064nm.

Generally, there are 2 considerations for SHG. The first is the center frequency of the output/source beam. The second is whether you will use a single polarized beam, or two orthogonally polarized beams.

It is generally the desired output frequency which will dictate the crystal you will use for SHG. You will need to have a crystal with a bandgap equivalent to the desired output frequency. Whether you use a single or double beam is based on the atomic structure of the crystal (of appropriate gap).

Monopotassium phosphate is one crystal which might be used for a Nd:YAG source.

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Laser Treatment for Acne Scar Removal

Acne scar laser treatment stands out among all acne treatments in effectiveness. Acne scarring comes under cosmetic disfigurements posing psychological problems to the patients. It is notable here that most of these can very well be corrected using laser as skin resurfacing modality.

Acne scar laser treatment involves using a light beam from a carbon dioxide laser. The latter vaporizes the upper layers of damaged skin at specific and controlled levels of penetration.

Development of selective photothermolysis

The development of selective photothermolysis has caused significant advances in the use of laser technology for skin resurfacing. The improved technology has helped reduce residual thermal damage. By using shorter pulse durations of laser light, the minimizing of thermal damage significantly reduced the risk for scarring on the skin.

The latest procedures involve an intense beam of light to destroy the skin tissue instantly. As of now, carbon dioxide and Er:YAG laser reportedly offer best acne treatments. They are able to perform highly specific vaporization of tissue using powerfully focused light to precisely remove the skin layers. Thus they vaporize the ridges of scars and wrinkles and smoothing out the surface of the skin.

Best lasers for acne scar removal

Er: YAG laser offers the best acne scar laser treatment. The benefit of Er:YAG laser for superficial to moderate acne scar removal stems from the fact that this laser produces less thermal damage compared to other types of laser.

The short pulsed Er:YAG laser has a water absorption coefficient 16 times greater than that of the carbon dioxide laser. The water in the tissue absorbs most of the energy of these lasers. That results in minimal optical penetration depth and thermal damage.

The more limited penetration of these lasers into the skin triggers a histo-pathological improvement less pronounced than that of carbon dioxide laser. However, Er:YAG laser shows potential as an acne scar removal treatment especially in the treatment of mild to moderate superficial rhytides and scars. In fact it is the best acne scar laser treatment for acne scars that are not very deep.

About the Author

Tom Disouza is a professional beautician associated with various beauty care salons and parlors. He has specialized in correcting pimples, acne scars, etc. He lives in Chicago.