4 Diode Bridge Rectifier

how to convert the AC voltage to DC voltage?

how to convert the an AC voltage to exactly a DC voltage? Such as 5Volt AC to exactly 5Volt DC.
if use the bridge rectifier and capacitor, the diode from bridge rectifier will reduced 0.7V for diode bias and the capacitor also will affected the output voltage DC. Then the 5Vac will produce 4.3Vdc or less only.
So, anyone can help me solve this problem? thank you

If you are talking power rectification, you really can't without resorting to a switching supply, though you can get close via sychronous rectifiers, which use transistors (usually MOSFETS) for diodes. Plenty of papers and app notes on that subject, at TI's site, etc.

If you are talking signal, then what you need is an opamp-based precision rectifier. A diode is placed in the feedback loop of an opamp, thus it's voltage drop is eliminated at the output. I've built a couple of these for instrumentation-type apps, they can be incredibly accurate for AC. Either Google "precision rectifier" or go to National Semiconductor's website and find AN-20, it has a variety of basic opamp circuits, including both precision half-wave and full-wave rectifiers.

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Module - 1 Lecture - 4 Diode Rectifier Circuits

Full-wave bridge rectifier?

A full-wave bridge rectifier consists of 4 diodes (D1, D2, D3, and D4). When positive current (ac) flows, D1 and D3 are ON and D2 and D4 are OFF. Fair enough.
Here is the question, why we need 2 diodes here? 1 diode is enough to rectified the signal right? What is the purpose of second diode? Please help me, thanks.
Agree there are different requirement, less diode, etc. But in this case i wanted to know what is the purpose of second diode.

Second diode is not a return path purpose, if i need a return path, i just connect a straigh wire, then i still have return path right?
Craigory, I love you.
I know what you mean. In short the second diode is for "PROTECTION PURPOSE". Thank you, later i will stick your answer as "Best Answer", but i can't promise, because, maybe afterward there is another very best answer. Haha...thx again.

You are right, only one diode is needed for rectification.

However, because the input is AC, Both diodes are needed to Disconnect the circuit when the AC reverses polarity.

If you replace D3 with a short circuit, then when the AC reverses polarity, you will have a direct short across the AC terminals due to a forward-biased D4 and the short circuit that used to be D3.

If you remove D3 completely (open circuit), then you cannot complete the circuit during the + half of the AC cycle.

Thus, all are needed.