High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles A voltage doubler is an electric circuit with an AC input and a DC output of roughly twice the peak input voltage. They are a variety of voltage multiplier circuit and are often, but not always, a single stage of a general form of such circuits. The term is usually applied to circuits consisting of rectifying diodes and capacitors only, other means of doubling voltages are not included.The Villard circuit consists simply of a capacitor and a diode. While it has the great benefit of simplicity, its output has very poor ripple characteristics. Essentially, the circuit is a diode clamp circuit. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 68 Publication Date: 2010/07/14 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.00 x 0.16 inches
Electronics of modern cars are at risk from voltage surges during a number of common daily jobs. Surges during MIG welding, jump-starting, battery charging and starting are just a few. Damage to systems such as Air Bags and ABS may not be immediately apparent, but could prove fatal. Engine management systems, fuel injection, radios, alarms and many other delicate electronics can be destroyed. You could be liable for damage to a customer?s vehicle. ? Equipped with an LED indicator to show that the unit is providing protection and installed correctly. If the unit is overloaded or damaged, the light will go out. ? Gives greater protection than other comparable units. ? Features a heavy-duty varistor, not a small diode insuring maximum protection and maximum peace-of-mind.By Dent Fix Equipment.
A nonlinear relation between current and voltage for schottky resonant tunneling diode is used. A general form of equation similar to VanDer Pol equation is obtained. A Resonant tunneling diode(RTD) has a negative differential resistance that means when the voltage increases the current decreases. This property is very useful for oscillators manufacture. Nonlinear transmission lines is considered to show that it canbe used in oscillators and to show that it can reshape the sinusoidal signals to othershapes by using OrCad and mathematica programming. Author: ElKhozondar, Hala J./ ElKhozondar, Rifa J./ Abo Ireban, Ibtisam Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 80 Publication Date: 2011/07/12 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.19 inches
Transients should be distinguished from surges. Surges are a special case of high-energy transient which result from lightning strikes. Voltage transients are lower energy events, typically caused by equipment switching.
They are harmful in a number of ways:
• They deteriorate solid state components. Sometimes a single high energy transient will puncture a solid state junction, sometimes repetitive low energy transients will accomplish the same thing. For example, transients which exceed the PIV (peak inverse voltage) rating of diodes are a common cause of diode failure.
• Their high-frequency component (fast rise times) cause them to be capacitively coupled into adjoining conductors. If those conductors are carrying digital logic, that logic will get trashed. Transients also couple across transformer windings unless special shielding is provided. Fortunately this same high frequency component causes transients to be relatively localized, since they are damped (attenuated) by the impedance of the conductors (inductive reactance increases with frequency).
• Utility capacitor switching transients are an example of a commonly-occurring high-energy transient (still by no means in the class of lightning) that can affect loads at all levels of the distribution system. They are a well-known cause of nuisance tripping of ASDs: they have enough energy to drive a transient current into the dc link of the drive and cause an overvoltage trip.
Transients can be categorized by waveform. The first category is "impulsive" transients, commonly called "spikes," because a high-frequency spike protrudes from the waveform. The cap switching transient, on the other hand, is an "oscillatory" transient because a ringing waveform rides on and distorts the normal waveform. It is lower frequency, but higher energy.
Causes
Transients are unavoidable. They are created by the fast switching of relatively high currents. For example, an inductive load like a motor will create a kickback spike when it is turned off. In fact, removing a Wiggy (a solenoid voltage tester) from a high-energy circuit can create a spike of thousands of volts! A capacitor, on the other hand, creates a momentary short circuit when it's turned on. After this sudden collapse of the applied voltage, the voltage rebounds and an oscillating wave occurs. Not all transients are the same, but as a general statement, load switching causes transients.
In offices, the laser copier/printer is a well-recognized "bad guy" on the office branch circuit. It requires an internal heater to kick in whenever it is used and every 30 seconds or so when it is not used. This constant switching has two effects: the current surge or inrush can cause repetitive voltage sags; the rapid changes in current also generate transients that can affect other loads on the same branch.
Measurement and recording
Transients can be captured by DSOs (Digital Storage Oscilloscopes). The Fluke 43 PQ Analyzer, which includes DSO functions, has the ability to capture, store and subsequently display up to 40 transient waveforms. Events are tagged with time and date stamps (real time stamps). The VR101S Voltage Event Recorder will also capture transients at the receptacle. Peak voltage and real time stamps are provided.
Transient voltage surge suppressors (TVSS)
Fortunately, transient protection is not expensive. Virtually all electronic equipment has (or should have) some level of protection built in. One commonly used protective component is the MOV (metal oxide varistor) which clips the excess voltage.
TVSS are applied to provide additional transient protection. TVSS are low voltage (600V) devices and are tested and certified to UL 1449. UL 1449 rates TVSS devices by Grade, Class and Mode. As an example, the highest rating for a TVSS would be Grade A (6000V, 3000A), Class 1 (let-through voltage of 330V max) and Mode 1 (L-N suppression). The proper rating should be chosen based on the load's protection needs:
• A lower Grade might result in a TVSS that lasts one year instead of ten years. The solid state components in a TVSS will themselves deteriorate as they keep on taking hits from transients.
• A lower Class might permit too much let-through voltage that could damage the load. Class 1 is recommended for switch mode power supplies.
• A Mode 2 device would pass transients to ground, where they could disrupt electronic circuit operation.
A nonlinear relation between current and voltage for schottky resonant tunneling diode is used. A general form of equation similar to VanDer Pol equation is obtained. A Resonant tunneling diode(RTD) has a negative differential resistance that means when the voltage increases the current decreases. This property is very useful for oscillators manufacture. Nonlinear transmission lines is considered to show that it canbe used in oscillators and to show that it can reshape the sinusoidal signals to othershapes by using OrCad and mathematica programming. Author: ElKhozondar, Hala J./ ElKhozondar, Rifa J./ Abo Ireban, Ibtisam Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 80 Publication Date: 2011/07/12 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.19 inches
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles A voltage doubler is an electric circuit with an AC input and a DC output of roughly twice the peak input voltage. They are a variety of voltage multiplier circuit and are often, but not always, a single stage of a general form of such circuits. The term is usually applied to circuits consisting of rectifying diodes and capacitors only, other means of doubling voltages are not included.The Villard circuit consists simply of a capacitor and a diode. While it has the great benefit of simplicity, its output has very poor ripple characteristics. Essentially, the circuit is a diode clamp circuit. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 68 Publication Date: 2010/07/14 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.00 x 0.16 inches
DoubleMolded Plastic Housing. HighContrast LCD Display. CATIII Rated. Voltage DC: Max Range 600 V Accuracy: +/ 0.5. Voltage AC: Max Range 600 V Accuracy: +/ 1.2. Current DC: Max Range 10 A Accuracy: +/ 2.5. Resistance: 2 MO Accuracy: 0.8. Diode Check. Continuity Test. Accessories Included: Test Leads 9V Battery. Dimensions: 5.91 H x 2.76 W x 1.89 D.
2 in 1 LAN Tester and Multimeter with Voltage, Current, Resistance, Continuity, and Diode Tester Tests Pin Configuration for 10 Base-T, 10 Base-2, RJ45/RJ11, 356A, TIA-569A/568B and Token Ring Cable Remotely Test Cables Up to 330 Yards Away Test Ground Wire Measure DC/AC Voltage, DC/AC Current, Resistance, Continuity, and Diode DC Voltage: Max Range 600 V, Accuracy +/- 0.5% AC Voltage: Max Range 600 V, Accuracy +/- 1.2% DC Current: Max Range 200 mA, Accuracy +/- 1.2% AC Current: Max Range 200 mA, Accuracy +/- 2.0% Resistance: Max Range 20 MO, Accuracy +/- 0.8% Continuity Test: Beeps If Less Than 100 O Accessories Included: Test Leads, LANtest Remote Terminator, 9V Battery, Carrying Case Dimensions: 6.38" H x 2.93" W x 1.73" D Weight: 10.86 oz.
Tests Pin Configuration for 10 BaseT 10 Base2 RJ45/RJ11 356A TIA569A/568B and Token Ring Cable. Remotely Test Cables Up to 330 Yards Away. Test Ground Wire. Measure DC/AC Voltage DC/AC Current Resistance Continuity and Diode. DC Voltage: Max Range 600 V Accuracy +/ 0.5. AC Voltage: Max Range 600 V Accuracy +/ 1.2. DC Current: Max Range 200 mA Accuracy +/ 1.2. AC Current: Max Range 200 mA Accuracy +/ 2.0. Resistance: Max Range 20 MO Accuracy +/ 0.8. Continuity Test: Beeps If Less Than 100 O. Accessories Included: Test Leads LANtest Remote Terminator 9V Battery Carrying Case. Dimensions: 6.38 H x 2.93 W x 1.73 D.
Diode 28 Under cabinet Light LED lighting is the newest advancement in under cabinet lighting technology. LED lights do not use filaments, making them very reliable with a long life span (50,000+ hours). Uses only 5W of power and generates very little heat. Light output is equivalent to one 13W T5 fluorescent or three 20W line voltage Xenon lamps. No remote power supply needed 28 individual LED s provide low glare on counter surface 300 Lumens Three position illuminated push button switch for full or half light output Extended fixture width allows a wide, even light distribution Slender 3/4 inch profile ABS molded housing and diffuser Plugs directly into 120V outlet, cord included Can be end-to-end connected with direct connector, included Connect up to 20 fixtures Use 12 inch modular connecting cord, included, for multi-fixture daisy-chain connection or use to plug into hardwire box Hardwire connection through optional hardwire box Screw-in or double-sided adhesive mounting 28 5W TOTAL Requires model number XNHB kit for hardwire installations.
Electronics of modern cars are at risk from voltage surges during a number of common daily jobs. Surges during MIG welding, jump-starting, battery charging and starting are just a few. Damage to systems such as Air Bags and ABS may not be immediately apparent, but could prove fatal. Engine management systems, fuel injection, radios, alarms and many other delicate electronics can be destroyed. You could be liable for damage to a customer?s vehicle. ? Equipped with an LED indicator to show that the unit is providing protection and installed correctly. If the unit is overloaded or damaged, the light will go out. ? Gives greater protection than other comparable units. ? Features a heavy-duty varistor, not a small diode insuring maximum protection and maximum peace-of-mind.By Dent Fix Equipment.
Troy Lee Designs Youth GP Voltage Pants Adjustable side cinch Velcro belt Leather inner knee provides high grip and heat protection 4-way ribbed Spandex in the knees and rear yoke provide maximum flexibility Double and triple stitching in high stress areas for superior durability 330 Denier Dobby Nylon and 1200 Denier Polyester are used in the main construction Ribbed Spandex stretch panels applied to key areas where range of motion is critical **Closeouts are limited to stock on hand**
Light emitting diode. Oleg Losev, List of LED failure modes, Organic light emitting diode, Miniature light emitting diode, Solid state lighting, LED lamp, LED power sources, Electrical polarity of LEDs, LED circuit, LED as light sensor Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 74 Publication Date: 2009/10/08 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.17 inches
- Professional fully featured handheld digital multimeter- It measures AC/DC voltage, resistance, diode check, transistor hFE test and etc.- Display: maximum reading 1,999- DC voltage: 200mV~600V0.8%- AC voltage: 200V~600V1.2%- DC current: 200~10mA2.0%- Resistance: 200O~20 MO0.8%- Powered by 1*6F22 battery (included)- Comes with a pair of test leads
- Professional fully featured handheld digital multimeter- It measures AC/DC voltage, resistance, diode check, transistor hFE test and etc.- Display: maximum reading 1,999- DC voltage: 200mV~1000V0.8%- AC voltage: 200mV~750V1.2%- DC current: 200~10A2.0%- AC current: 2m~10A3.0%- Resistance: 200O~20 MO1.0%- Powered by 3*AAA batteries (included)- Comes with a pair of test leads
MPN #SC145. BWD DIODE. Most Alternators products are available for in-store pickup from Advance Auto Parts.
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The solar panel
The solar panel
An individual solar panel is made of many solar cells. The cells are electrically
connected to provide a particular value of current and voltage. The individual
cells are properly encapsulated to provide isolation and protection
from humidity and corrosion. There are different types of modules available on the market, depending on the power demands of your application. The most common modules are
composed of 32 or 36 solar cells of crystalline silicon.
These cells are all of equal size, wired in series, and encapsulated between glass and plastic material, using a polymer resin (EVA) as a thermal insulator. The surface area of
the module is typically between 0.1 and 0.5 m2. Solar panels usually have
two electrical contacts, one positive and one negative.
Some panels also include extra contacts to allow the installation of bypass
diodes across individual cells. Bypass diodes protect the panel against a
phenomenon known as "hot-spots". A hot-spot occurs when some of the cells
are in shadow while the rest of the panel is in full sun. Rather than producing
energy, shaded cells behave as a load that dissipates energy.
In this situation, shaded cells can see a significant increase in temperature (about 85 to
100ºC.) Bypass diodes will prevent hot-spots on shaded cells, but reduce the maximum voltage of the panel. They should only be used when shading is unavoidable. It is a much better solution to expose the entire panel to full sun whenever possible. The electrical performance of a solar module its represented by the IV characteristiccurve, which represents the current that is provided based on the voltage generated for a certain solar radiation. The curve represents all the possible values of voltage-current.
The curves depend on two main factors: the temperature and the solar radiation received by the cells. For a given solar cell area, the current generated is directly proportional to solar irradiance (G), while the voltage reduces slightly with an increase of temperature. A good regulator will try to maximize the amount of energy that a panel provides by tracking the point that provides maximum power (V x I). The maximum power corresponds to the knee of the IV curve.
How to choose a good panel?
One obvious metric to use when shopping for solar panels is to compare the
ratio of the nominal peak power (Wp) to the price. This will give you a rough
idea of the cost per Watt for different panels. But there are a number of other
considerations to keep in mind as well.
If you are going to install solar panels in geographical areas where soiling
(from dust, sand, or grit) will likely be a problem, consider purchasing panels
with a low affinity for soil retention. These panels are made of materials
that increase the likelihood that the panel will be automatically cleaned by
wind and rain.
Always check the mechanical construction of each panel. Verify that the
glass is hardened and the aluminum frame is robust and well built. The solar
cells inside the panel can last for more than 20 years, but they are very fragile
and the panel must protect them from mechanical hazards. Look for the
manufacturer's quality guarantee in terms of expected power output and mechanical
construction.
Finally, be sure that the manufacturer provides not only the nominal peak
power of the panel (Wp) but also the variation of the power with irradiation
and temperature. This is particularly important when panels are used in arrays,
as variations in the operating parameters can have a big impact on the
quality of power generated and the useful lifetime of the panels.
About the Author
<p><a href="http://www.rungreenpower.com">How To Build a Homemade Solar Panel?</a></p>
Track Listing: 1. River of Life/The Yes Song, 2. Night of a Thousand Kisses, 3. Big Bad Wolf & Black Widow Spider, 4. Sleepless Nights, 5. Esperar Es Caro, 6. Kokoro, 7. Can I Borrow You?, 8. Wolf Reprise, 9. In the End, 10. Old World New World
The Foscarini Gea Wall Sconce creates an intriguing play of shadow and light wall highlighting in this 2004 Luca Nichetto and Gianpietro Gai design. The Gea Sconce, which features a molded methacrylate diffuser, creates an exciting wall of texture and light when combined with other Gea Sconces. Foscarini, headquartered in Italy, offers superb contemporary lighting products in playful and inspiring designs. In partnership with both established designers and emerging designers, Foscarini has created an exciting collection of products for residential and commercial applications. The Foscarini Gea Wall Sconce is available with the following: Included Features: Thermo-formed, White Glossy Metacrylate diffuser. Mounting plate. Energy efficient.Title 24 compliant.Lighting: One 40 Watt or one 55 Watt 120 Volt Circle Fluorescent lamp (not included). Shipping: This item ships within two weeks. Dimensions: Length: 23.75 in. Width: 23.75 in. Depth: 5.12 in.
The LZF Gea Pendant is part of a family of 8 variations on a simple graphic theme: the drum shape. Each lamp in the collection creates a delicate atmosphere and highlights the rich texture of the wood grain. The Gea Pendant features a Natural timber wood veneer shade in a variety of colors with a polycarbonate bottom diffuser. LZF Lighting from Spain, offers contemporary, designer lighting for residential and commercial interiors. Initially specializing in lighting crafted from wood veneers, LZF has expanded its product line to include other materials well-suited to contemporary styles. The LZF Gea Pendant is available with the following: Details:Drum-shaped Natural wood veneer shadeOpal perspex bottom diffuserNickel ceiling canopy72" Clear cordUL ListedDesigned by Marivi CalvoOptions:Shade: American White (shown), Beech, Cherry, Green, Grey, Orange, Red, or Yellow.Size: Large (shown), or Small.Lighting:Large option utilizes three 60 Watt 120 Volt Type E-27 Incandescent lamps (not included).Small option utilizes one 60 Watt 120 Volt Type E-27 Incandescent lamp (not included).Shipping: This item usually ships in 6-8 weeks. Dimensions: Small Shade: Height 7.9 In., Diameter 16.5 In. Large Shade: Height 9.8 In., Diameter 27.6 In. Cord: Length 72 In. Small Suspension: Length Adjustable to 79.9 In. Large Suspension: Length Adjustable to 81.8 In.
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles David de Gea Quintana (born 7 November 1990 in Madrid) is a Spanish professional footballer who currently plays for Atletico Madrid, as a goalkeeper. A product of Atletico de Madrids youth teams, De Gea spent his first professional seasons with the reserves, in Segunda Division B. As first choice Sergio Asenjo was away on international duty, he received his first main side callups. On September 30, 2009, he replaced injured Roberto during the UEFA Champions League contest at F.C. Porto, in an eventual 02 loss, not yet aged 19. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 74 Publication Date: 2010/09/13 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.18 inches
Angling for unique contemporary lighting? The Zaneen Gea Wall Sconce provides the sharp looks and diffuse lighting you're looking for. The shade--a rectangular panel of Frosted White glass--is set at an angle to the wall at the end of the metal base. The tone and texture of the glass provide soft contrast to the gleaming Chrome finish. Designed by Poom-Lab. Zaneen is a Canadian company that began in 1981 and works with European artists (mainly from Italy and Spain) to create one-of-a-kind contemporary decorative and architectural lighting. Their style is understated and relaxed--a minimalist sophistication that only can be explained by the traditional yet fashion-forward lifestyle so characteristic of the Mediterranean. The Zaneen Gea Wall Sconce is available with the following: Details:Frosted White glass shadeMetal baseChrome finishRectangular wall plateCSA Rated (What's this?)Made in ItalyDesigned by Poom-LabLighting: One 100 Watt 120 Volt Type T3Q/3 Halogen lamp (not included). Shipping: This item usually ships within 5-7 days. Dimensions: Fixture: Width 7.5 In., Depth 5 In., Height 6 In.
The Arturo Alvarez Gea Pendant has a sinuous shape that provides direct, enveloping light. A lamp that fills a space with a soft and pleasant light, achieving empathy with any environment. The Gea Pendant features Stainless Steel Mesh sprayed with pigmented silicone. The interaction between the light source and the silicone mesh creates dramatic shadows and contrasts. Each piece is handmade, so no two pieces are the same and each is considered an original work of art. Please note, the lamps may be visible from certain perspectives. Handmade in Spain, Arturo Alvarez lighting products are created by skilled artisans using lead-free solder and high-quality glass, and each piece is part of a limitied series. The Arturo Alvarez Gea Pendant is available with the following: Included Features:Stainless Steel Mesh sprayed with pigmented silicone.Stainless Steel canopy.UL Listed.Winner of the Good Design Award, 2008.Designed by Arturo Alvarez.Options:Color: Black, Blue, Orange, or White (shown). Please Note: The silicone mesh is very heat resistant, extremely durable, and easy to clean. Lighting: One 100 Watt 120 Volt Type E26 Medium Base Incandescent lamp (not included). Shipping: Select stock options ship in 3-5 business days, Non-stock options ship in 12-16 weeks. Any out of stock item can be expedited to ship in 4-6 weeks for an additional fee. Please see Items tab for availability. Dimensions: Fixture: Height Adjustable to 96 In. Shade: Height 17.75 In., Overall Diameter 6.5 In.
The Foscarini Gea Ceiling/Wall Light creates an intriguing play of circle and square and shadow and light in this 2004 Luca Nichetto and Gianpietro Gai design. Features a molded methacrylate shade and creates an exciting pattern when combined with other Gea fixtures. Made in Italy. Foscarini, headquartered in Italy, offers superb contemporary lighting products in playful and inspiring designs. In partnership with both established designers and emerging designers, Foscarini has created an exciting collection of products for residential and commercial applications. The Foscarini Gea Ceiling/Wall Light is available with the following: Details: Thermo-formed Glossy Metacrylate shade Mounting plate UL ListedTitle 24 compliantDesigned by Luca Nichetto and Gianpietro GaiMade in ItalyOptions: Color: Ivory, or White.Lighting: One 40 Watt or one 55 Watt 120 Volt Circle Fluorescent lamp (not included). Shipping: This item ships within two weeks. Dimensions: Fixture: Width 23.75 In., Depth 5.125 In., Length 23.75 In.
The LZF Gea Cosmos Floor Lamp is part of a family of eight variations on a simple graphic theme: the drum shape. Each lamp in the collection creates a delicate atmosphere and highlights the rich texture of the wood grain. The Gea Cosmos Floor Lamp features a Natural timber wood veneer shade in a variety of colors with a polycarbonate bottom diffuser and Nickel tripod legs. LZF Lighting from Spain, offers contemporary, designer lighting for residential and commercial interiors. Initially specializing in lighting crafted from wood veneers, LZF has expanded its product line to include other materials well-suited to contemporary styles. The LZF Gea Cosmos Floor Lamp is available with the following: Included Features:Drum-shaped, Natural wood veneer shade.Opal perspex bottom diffuser.Tripod legs.Nickel finish.UL Listed.Designed by Marivi Calvo.Options:Shade: American White, Beech, Cherry, Green, Grey, Orange, Red (shown), or Yellow.Lighting: Three 60 Watt 120 Volt Type E-27 Incandescent lamps (not included). Shipping: This item usually ships in 6-8 weeks. Dimensions: Fixture: Height 16.8 In. Shade: Height 9.8 In., Diameter 23.6 In.
Scarpa Gea Alpine Touring Ski Boots - Women's 2012: Blowing your mind at ever turn and flex, the Scarpa Gea Alpine Touring Ski Boots are “light as the wind� and mighty. For ladies who love challenging descents and a good uphill, the Scarpa Gea Boots are just the way to go. Built with Pebax® bio materials, a Intuition Speed Pro Women’s Liner and with lightweight Magnesium Mirage buckle material, the Scarpa Gea Boots are ready to take off.
GEA Golf Shirt Cupsreviewcomplete Golf Shirt Tee, TShirt, Shirt Tee off in casual style. Our pique knit golf t-shirt is a comfortable, lightweight way to play 18-holes and beat the heat. Features, stylish white pearl buttons, yet it feels like wearing your favorite t-shirt. Dress it up or down. Throw a blazer over lat
The LZF Gea Wall or Ceiling Light is part of a family of eight variations on a simple graphic theme: the drum shape. Each lamp in the collection creates a delicate atmosphere and highlights the rich texture of the woodgrain. The Gea Wall or Ceiling Light features a Natural timber wood veneer shade in a variey of colors with a polycarbonate diffuser. LZF Lighting from Spain, offers contemporary, designer lighting for residential and commercial interiors. Initially specializing in lighting crafted from wood veneers, LZF has expanded its product line to include other materials well-suited to contemporary styles. The LZF Gea Wall or Ceiling Light is available with the following: Included Features:Natural wood veneer shade.Opal perspex diffuser.White finished metal hidden backplate.UL Listed.Designed by Marivi Calvo.Options:Shade: American White, Beech, Cherry, Green (shown), Grey, Orange, Red, or Yellow.Size: Large (shown), Medium, or Small.Lighting:Large option utilizes one 13 Watt 120 Volt Fluorescent lamp (included).Medium option utilizes one 13 Watt 120 Volt Fluorescent lamp (included).Small option utilizes one 9 Watt 120 Volt Fluorescent lamp (included).Shipping: This item usually ships in 6-8 weeks. Dimensions: Small Fixture: Depth 4.7 In., Height 7.9 In. Large Fixture: Height 16.5 In., Depth 5.9 In. Medium Fixture: Height 11.8 In., Depth 4.7 In.
The Arturo Alvarez Gea Floor Lamp has a sinuous shape that provides direct, enveloping light. A lamp that fills a space with a soft and pleasant light, achieving empathy with any environment. The Gea Floor Lamp features Stainless Steel Mesh sprayed with pigmented silicone. The interaction between the light source and the silicone mesh creates dramatic shadows and contrasts. Each piece is handmade, so no two pieces are the same and each is considered an original work of art. Please note, the lamps may be visible from certain perspectives. Handmade in Spain, Arturo Alvarez lighting products are created by skilled artisans using lead-free solder and high-quality glass, and each piece is part of a limitied series. The Arturo Alvarez Gea Floor Lamp is available with the following: Included Features:Stainless Steel Mesh sprayed with pigmented silicone.Top acrylic diffuser.Dimmer switch.Winner of the Good Design Award, 2008.Designed by Arturo Alvarez.Options:Color: Black, Blue, Orange, or White (shown). Please Note: The silicone mesh is very heat resistant, extremely durable, and easy to clean. Lighting: Five 100 Watt 120 Volt Type E26 Medium Base Incandescent lamps (not included). Shipping: Select stock options ship in 3-5 business days, Non-stock options ship in 12-16 weeks. Any out of stock item can be expedited to ship in 4-6 weeks for an additional fee. Please see Items tab for availability. Dimensions: Fixture: Height 71 In., Upper Diameter 11.25 In., Lower Diameter 8.75 In.
The Arturo Alvarez Gea Table Lamp has a sinuous shape that provides direct, enveloping light. A lamp that fills a space with a soft and pleasant light, achieving empathy with any environment. The Gea Table Lamp features Stainless Steel Mesh sprayed with pigmented silicone. The interaction between the light source and the silicone mesh creates dramatic shadows and contrasts. Each piece is handmade, so no two pieces are the same and each is considered an original work of art. Please note, the lamps may be visible from certain perspectives. Handmade in Spain, Arturo Alvarez lighting products are created by skilled artisans using lead-free solder and high-quality glass, and each piece is part of a limitied series. The Arturo Alvarez Gea Table Lamp is available with the following: Included Features:Stainless Steel Mesh sprayed with pigmented silicone.Top acrylic diffuser.Winner of the Good Design Award, 2008.Designed by Arturo Alvarez.Options:Color: Black, Blue, Orange (shown), or White. Please Note: The silicone mesh is very heat resistant, extremely durable, and easy to clean. Lighting: Three 60 Watt 120 Volt Type E12 Candelabra Base Incandescent lamps (not included). Shipping: Select stock options ship in 3-5 business days, Non-stock options ship in 12-16 weeks. Any out of stock item can be expedited to ship in 4-6 weeks for an additional fee. Please see Items tab for availability. Dimensions: Fixture: Height 28.5 In., Upper Diameter 5.25 In., Lower Diameter 4.75 In.
Nowadays the worldwide society is facing a deep financial crisis that is affecting every sector and every field of the economic and financial system and nobody could predict the farreaching consequences of this slowdown. The starting point of the crisis can be found in the failure of the US system of securitization. The goal of this research is to analyze how the current crisis may have affected some aspects of the financial sector. In particular, it focuses on the validity and reliability of one of the most used model in pricing the assets. This purpose stems from the fact that the crisis brought many changes in the way of approaching to financial markets highlighting anomalies, such as interest rates close to zero. Therefore this study aims to verify the reliability of the CAPM when the riskfree rate approaches the zero level. In order to carry out this research, the authors turn their attention on US, that is actually experiencing a period of riskfree rates close to zero. Since the reference period of zero riskfree rates for US is not so long, the authors also decided to refer the study to Japan, that showed a longer period of riskfree rates close to zero. Author: Fattor, Anna/ Grammenidis, Ackis Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 144 Publication Date: 2010/07/29 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.33 inches
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles When personal computers started to become mainstream in the early 1980s, it became one of the things associated with the hacker culture of the time. Some cartoons depicted computer users talking in binary code with 1s and 0s using a slashed zero for the 0. The use of the Scandinavian vowel o in the name of the Hawkwindinfluenced 1980s spacerock band Underground Zero may have been inspired by the usage of the slashed zero by many computer systems of the time; which resembled o (see article Heavy metal umlaut ). The slashed zero symbol is widely used in written Amateur radio callsigns, codes for videogames, software product keys, New Zealand alphanumeric car number plates, and any other instance when clarity is necessary. Slashed zeroes can also be used on cheques in order to prevent fraud, for example: changing a 0 to an 8. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 102 Publication Date: 2010/08/10 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.24 inches
Disc 1:Shoulting Fire At a FuneralOpulent MaelstromJato UnitAzure HazeCashmere ShiveRace Against DisasterSacristyDevil TheoryMiles of MachinesDepartures
Rated: NRSynopsis: When a volcano erupts, a deep-sea vessel full of scientists suffers damage and begins to lose control. To their rescue comes Captain MacKenzie (Joseph Cotton, Citizen Kane), commander of Alpha, a high-tech atomic submarine. The captain takes the crew to a secret underwater utopia called "Latitude Zero" that is dedicated to the preservation and protection of mankind. With a completely opposite agenda, the evil Dr. Malic (Cesar Romero, The Joker from TV's Batman) wishes to kidnap and experiment on the scientists in order to add to his roster of super-intelligent freak minions. Now it's up to Captain MacKenzie and his crew to save the day. Another Toho classic from the legendary Ishiro Honda (Godzilla, Matango), Latitude Zero boasts an all-star cast that also includes Richard Jaeckel (Grizzly) and Linda Haynes (Human Experiments), and terrific model and special effects work.
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Labor Day in SoCal means sunny skies, crowded beaches and a gentle 2-3 foot swell the kids can play in, so we visited family friends at their Huntington Beach house. In 1963, I was 18 and still hadn’t seen the already legendary Hawai’i, but I literally crawled into the Laguna Beach surf when I was six months old. I kept right on going, spending my time outside school bodysurfing and SCUBA diving. Just to keep beach lifeguards in on their toes, I had already ‘shot’ between the pilings of every pier between Santa Monica and La Jolla in eras I can’t even remember.
It was ten years until satellite photos, radar images or any form of swell forecasting, so my brother Tom and I expected some small Huntington shoulders while our parents watched from their beach chairs.
What we found was15-foot closeout dumping surf - the largest I’d ever seen. Huntington is a long, sand beach without a point break – just huge swells dumping outside, reforming a hundred meters out, dumping again and hitting the beach in a wall of foam powerful enough to knock us over in knee deep water.
Just getting outside was hopeless, let alone catching a decent ride. Young and stupid, we gave it a try.
We didn’t get anywhere. Obviously, with a swell this big, we needed a point break just to get out – or a jetty break. This was the best swell of our lives, and we should have been at the Wedge.
Back at the beach house, Tom and I lobbied hard for a drive to Newport. . The only problem was Mom knew her surf, and she knew the Wedge. No way, today!
Plan “B” was to convince Mom into snorkeling at Corona Del Mar cove, usually ideal for a pleasant day’s snorkeling. There’s a small but beautiful sandy spit snuggled up against the Newport Harbor jetty, well protected inside the double jetty. The other side of the channel is the legendary Wedge, the biggest, meanest, strangest shore break anywhere east of Hawai’i.
Mom saw right through our strategy and said that if we went bodysurfing on a day that big we would go to the Corona Del Mar side. Maybe she could still go snorkeling.
It was a fair compromise. Off we went.
Thanks for Mothers. Corona was a nice ripping 15-foot peak swamping over the breakwater, sucking so deep we saw rocks that hadn’t seen air since they built the jetty. The beach was packed with Labor Day crowds, but only a couple of dozen bodysurfers. The form was excellent, and getting out was fairly easy. Waves broke big, in plenty of water, so we took some chances, experimented, and spent the day playing with the peak. Sometimes we caught the pitch, dropped straight down the face, made a radical bottom turn and raced the tubes. When they collapsed, we tucked back and came up facing a monstrous but predictable wall. No problem.
Our favorite game became intentionally pitching over the falls, free falling head first into the foot of the wave, tuck, and let our momentum take us under the wave foot just in time to surface in the line up of the next wave.
It was something like a 15-foot “hydraulic” on a river, except we had to work to stay in the cycle. We played like this for hours.
In the early afternoon, the beach guard was going nuts with his bullhorn until he finally caught my attention. He was pointing to a swimmer so tired he was headed to the barnacle-encrusted jetty instead of the beach. Even an experienced waterman would die going for the jetty when awash. This guy was so inexperienced he didn’t realize he was about to become hamburger.
I signaled the guard that I had it under control. His hands were full already. The guy was already so close to the rocks it was foolish to go in and get him, so of course I did.
No fool, I considered my options. My Super Extra Large Voit Duck Feet gave me the torque to time the break, grab a cross-chest carry, and pull him out beyond the break before we both got dumped on the jetty. Plan B was to let a big peak wash us over the breakwater and into the channel without scrapping rocks, a truly low percentage option with high percentage negative consequences.
Luckily, I was able to pull the guy away from the jetty. I waved off the guard. Now it became a normal rescue - all I had to do was get him in through 15-foot surf.
My victim was really tired, and really freaked, on the verge of panic. He wasn’t thinking normally. This was the pre-chopper era, and who knew where the Lifeguard boat was, if it even left the harbor. I had to take this guy in through the surf.
We regrouped outside the break where waves are peaking, but not yet breaking. It’s an interesting spot to calm down a victim, I had no choice except to calm my new friend, assess the situation, explain what we would do, and do it.
The next time you find yourself on that roller coaster forming 15-foot waves, imagine pulling somebody out of there, with or without fins. In the trough, there’s nothing but water. From the peak, you’ll get a frustrating and fleeting glance at dry, safe land beyond that huge break before you.
There’s really only one way to handle an unassisted rescue in large dumping surf, and it’s not fun. Gradually swim closer to the break with your victim, and wait at the peak for a break in the sets. When calm comes, “swim” like hell through the impact zone before the next set hits. Of course, all the water is dumping off the beach, and usually, your victim is just dead weight anyway, so go into this maneuver expecting both of you to get crunched.
Of course your goal is your victim’s survival, so you’ve got to break some rules. Your only hope of saving them in that dumping soup is to stay with them – and the only way to stay together in that pandemonium is to double bear-hug, face to face. This makes you a serious candidate for a double drowning and the funny farm. Bear hugs require extreme faith in your superior conditioning and swimming abilities; and the hope the victim will release when things get really bleak.
The last thing you want is to get dumped “Over the Falls”; a problem because you are so sluggish you can never maintain speed with the wave – a bad spot to be with so much water washing up the wave face.
When you see that inevitable crunch-time looming, get as low on the wave face as possible, bear-hug each other, take one last deep breath – and get crunched. With luck, you can stay clenched through the impact. It’s a sickening feeling to lose your grip on somebody during this explosion.
This uncomfortable scenario should be avoided whenever possible. Several tons of water dumps from five meters up, tossing both of you in a giant washing machine. But if you want to save a life, there are times when you have no other option.
We held our breath, bear-hugged, took the dump, and according to plan, we tumbled onto the beach right in front of the guard. It was my first contact with dry land in hours.
The victim spit foam for a couple of minutes, and then said, “Damn, I never realized ocean waves were so big and strong.”
The guard and I shared a look that said, “What’s this jerk talking about. This is the biggest swell of our lives.”
I said, “What do you mean, man? This is the biggest day I’ve ever seen”
Flat on his back in wet sand, my victim said, “Really - I’m from Iowa. This is my first time at the ocean. I just thought every day was like this.”
Disgusted, I grabbed my fins, and ran back into the surf for another few hours of free falls. But the karma I “banked” from that rescue helped save my life almost immediately.
All day long, the jetty was awash – not with spray, but thick green stuff. It was the first time I’d seen this awesome sight, and we all wondered about the Wedge. We left about 4pm, trying to convince Mom to drive the Newport circuit in Labor Day traffic so we could “just watch” the waves. Sure, nobody’s surfing, but let’s take a look.” It’s only 200 yards across the Channel, but the Wedge is a long drive around Newport from Corona.
From the Corona parking lot, we saw the peaks of swells. Driving up the cliff, we got the awesome panorama. Mom went for it. We were off to the Wedge.
It was late afternoon when we finally beat the traffic, but there were still several hundred onlookers...but only two lunatics in the water,
I slid into my wet suit, grabbed those Duck Feet, jumped off the overhead sand cut into the water and immediately caught a nice 15 foot right while I was swimming to the line up. The Wedge runs double the size of anywhere else, so that wasn’t an unusual wave. What was unusual was the right.
The Wedge is a “rebound” wave. When a wave jams into the corner where the beach meets the jetty, it rebounds off the rocks almost perpendicular to the following wave. On reasonable days, it is great fun to start near the jetty, catch the rebound and race across the face before it meets the next wave and builds into a giant bowl.
The rebounding wave packs into the face of the oncoming swell, driving the wall so steep that water “peaks” so rapidly you can hear liquid explode. Where the two forces intersect, everything sucks up, forming a caldron called the “Bowl”.
Instead of pealing off, the Bowl collapses into itself on either side. Wedgeheads can take the rebound off the jetty, race high on the wave away from the jetty to hopefully “Beat the Bowl”. We usually enter the forming bowl on an incline; make a turn at the point of the bowl, screaming down and away from the break (and the rocks) as the bowl collapses into itself from either side. Because of the complexity and dangers involved, this is the perfect Wedge ride.Making that turn in the bowl, sliding like a stunt plane in a tight turn, realizing you are making the wave, and then screaming down the steep wave face, is Nirvana.
However, an early take-off on the rebound wave results in a sluggish ride, arriving late into the collapsing bowl.
A wipe out is a given. But you do have choices.
The safest option is to bail. Dive deep under the wave foot, and pop up before the next peak. This is smart on a slow ride because without momentum, you are doomed to being blown backwards over the falls when you confront that collapsing peak deep inside the Bowl.
However, if you are smoking, you may hit the collapsing lip with enough momentum to punch straight up into a free fall. It’s great fun for about three seconds. You arc into the sky, totally separated from water. At the top of your arc, you hang, suspended in time. Just when you think, “Wow, what a beautiful space”, survival genes start screaming “Oh, shit. I’m going to fall back into that caldron!” (see Linda 4 “launched by a wave from Linda”)
It’s inevitable.
Well, none of this happened on my ride. I started near the bowl, and peeled away with the break back into the rebound wave – right towards the Jetty.
I realized the stupidity of my actions, but didn’t care. . I was lined up perfectly on the wrong shoulder on a dangerous day, so I dropped in and screamed across the face. When I came to the rebound, I turned up the face and snapped into a free fall arc. It was a great ride.
I landed behind the collapsing wave, which broke with the usual deadening roar. I heard cheers, and at 19, I was stoked. I knew I was close to the jetty, but I was pumped with my own ego, and started swimming on my back like an otter, casually kicking back to the line up. I was a Hero!
Suddenly, everything turned dark, and the water was dropping fast. I was sucking into a forming wave! I flipped onto my stomach to face an already vertical dark green wall with white foam across its face. It was a monster – 30 or 40 feet, and the lip was already pitching beyond me.
The wave sucked water off the sand, a rare event that far out even at the Wedge. For an instant, time stopped as I froze like a deer caught in headlights. I stood on exposed wet sand, only 10 yards from those meat-grinder boulders, with tons of Green Death about to envelop me.
A million options went through my mind. “What am I doing here” was not among them. I didn’t have the time for self-pity.
Bodysurfer instinct says dive under the wave, so I dove at the very foot of the wave, but the last water sucked up the face, and I landed flat out on wet sand. It was a good thing. I stayed flat, becoming one with the crabs, limpets and barnacles living in the jetty, evolved flat to withstand surf.
The pitching wave started to fall. Imagine the Goodyear blimp filled with water, falling from five stories up. It was worse than that as a hundred tons of energized water hit the sand with a force that would have crushed me if I hadn’t been flat on the deck.
I took a huge deep gulp of air, expecting it to be my last.
The impact drove me into the sand, then bounced me back up into the collapsing wave. The water advanced to the beach with as much force as it was dropping. The Impact Zone is where these right angle energies intersect, and I was at Ground Zero, buried and bouncing under tons of imploding water.
When you are beneath them, Monster waves drop in agonizing slow motion. Their vortex is the tube, wound tight until it implodes with fury. I was helpless, at the mercy of wave physics, sucked backwards through a giant fire hose - ten feet above sand and ten feet from air. The white fury tried to dismember my extremities as I tossed in a cyclone of wet.
Those were the days before fin straps, and I vividly remember my fins sucked from my feet, the most sickening feeling of my life. I was lost in the Impact Zone at the Wedge on a legendary day, my only remaining asset my wet suit. I wouldn’t get sand burns, I could still dive under waves, and I had just enough buoyancy to survive.
The ability to remember which way is "Up" is a special talent that prevents broken necks at the Wedge, Waimea or Sandy Beach. It also saved my life when I was knocked unconscious while cliff diving. I was able to maintain enough presence to hit the sand bottom feet first – not easy when you are flipping backwards in turbulent water. Of course, I instantly toppled and sucked further down the steep bottom while the wave sucked back off the steep sand beach. I was running out of air, the surge pulling me backwards into deep water.
After a long, wild underwater ride, my air was finished. I found the surface just in time to take one breath before getting hit square in the face by the next wave, as big as the first. Repeat the above.
After a third wave, I was wasted, but alive, breathing real air, and floating just outside the impact zone...very important.
I was also kissing the jetty...very important.
Fortunately, there were no more huge sets. I could see the waves forming down the jetty, and there was water underneath me. I was also very tired, and without fins. In big water like this, it’s every man for himself, and I couldn’t ask for help. But by then, I didn’t need it. I was in for a long, grinding, tedious haul, but with determination I could survive, and I knew it.
There is usually a rip along the rocks that takes you on an interesting ride along the jetty to deep water, but I couldn’t find it, so I just floated, expending only enough energy to clear the jetty, and let my wet suit do the work. When I regained enough energy to deal with the currents and chop, I tried getting away from the rocks. Without fins, that recovery took about 20 minutes.
My strategy was simple – get away from the jetty, swim behind the break, and ride the back of a ‘small” wave onto the beach. My goal was only 100 meters away, but without fins and sapped of energy in large seas, it took me another 40 minutes to get far enough off the jetty to where I could comfortably let a “small” wave spit me up onto sand.
I was too exhausted to take a wipeout, so I hung way back on the wave and took a sluggish ride in, dropping on the back of the wave. I was finally “inside”, with sand before me, but the shorebreak section reformed quickly. I sucked down the breaking shoulder in perfect position for an ungracious spit onto steep sand, where I scrambled to the cut bank before the next wave hit. With all my remaining energy and very shaky knees, I stood upright at the wall of sand, my head still three feet below the feet of spectators. I stuck my arms straight up - my wrists finally at sand level. I’m 6’4”, so the cut bank must have been about 9 feet.
Somebody grabbed my wrists and pulled me up to dry sand and safety.
I had my teenage energy back in 15 minutes. Off came the wet suit and out came the stories. From shore, the family just though I was having a tough time catching big waves after a full day at Corona. I clawed and struggled on the edge of death for an hour, and Mom was bummed that I only caught one ride.
When my knees stopped shaking, I walked to the corner where the jetty meets sand. The sun was setting, and I wanted to muse on what almost was. The Wedge was still pumping, although nothing like the massive set that almost took my life.
I looked at the froth before me. Sure enough, there were both of my fins, bouncing around in the corner.
I judged the break, ran into the surf, and retrieved first one, then the other. After all, Floating Duck Feet, Super Extra Large, were about $16/pair, special order only, and tomorrow was another day. (Reborn as classics, they run US$100 today.)
I realize I died that day. Teen-age ego got the best of me and clouded my judgement. The Wedge isn’t a baseball game, and my break in concentration almost cost my life. Except for the Karma from saving the Corona Del Mar tourist, instantaneous instincts and excellent conditioning, I would not be here to write this.
While I was watching the sunset, I realized that everything I did from that day on became a Free Ride, and at 62, I still live my life accordingly – pushing the envelope daily.
Even so, when I’m on the open sea, I never lose my focus.
When all is said and done, the ocean just doesn’t care.
# # # # #
About the Author
John "Caveman" Gray, AKA Ling Yai (Thai for Big Monkey)was first published nationally in the USA in 1957 in Parade Magazine. He's been writing, photographing and producing videos ever since. His stories have appeared in numerous national and international magazines and newspapers on everything from Science to politics and travel. You can catch many more stories in the "Readings" section at www.johngray-seacanoe.com
